High fat diet initiates rapid adaptation of the intestine

Abstract

While the systemic impacts of overnutrition are well-known to cause obesity and metabolic syndrome over the course of months, the immediate adaptive response of the intestinal epithelium to dietary changes remains poorly understood. Here we used physiological metrics and single cell analyses to interrogate the adaptive response of intestinal epithelial cells when moved to a high fat diet (HFD). Within 1 day of HFD exposure, mice exhibited altered feeding behavior, an increase in energy expenditure and an increase in intestinal epithelial proliferation. Single cell transcriptional analysis demonstrated several acute cellular changes on day 1, including a cell-stress response in intestinal crypts, de-granularization of Paneth cells, and a shift towards fatty acid cellular metabolism. By 3 days of HFD, there was an emergence of uncommitted progenitors with a transcriptional profile indicative of a shift from secretory populations and towards an absorptive fate. In enterocytes, genes regulating lipid transport and absorption increased over the first 3 days which paralleled a functional increase in lipid absorption in vivo over the course of 7 days on HFD. These findings demonstrate that intestinal epithelial cell populations respond rapidly to changes in diet through initial changes in cellular function followed by a shift in cellular composition.

Elateriospermum tapos Yogurt Supplement in Maternal Obese Dams during Pregnancy Modulates the Body Composition of F1 Generation

“…The organ weight of the liver and kidney will increase by 5-7% in HFD-supplemented subjects due to fat tissue accumulation [37], while adipocytes hypertrophy can increase the mass of RpWAT, BAT, gonadal, and visceral fat tissue [38]. Similarly, prolonged HFD feeding could increase the crypt length of the colon, inflammatory infiltration [39], detachment of epithelial cells, and reduced mucosal content in the colonic wall [40,41]. Similar features as those described were observed in the organ weight as well as in the histological analysis of the liver, kidney, RpWAT, BAT, gonadal, and visceral fat tissue and the colon length of the male and female offspring in the HS group, further proving the establishment of the intergenerational obesity model in this study.…”