High-fidelity aerostructural optimization of tow-steered composite wings

Aeroelastic Demonstrator Wing Design for Maneuver Load Alleviation Under Cruise Shape Constraint

“…The integrated design approach, however, comes at the cost of substantial implementation and computational effort. Recent examples of such work were presented by Kenway et al [4], Brooks et al [5], and Achard et al [6], among others.…”

“…In this context, the jig shape requires a much richer parameterization to also allow planform and span optimization of the wing. Brooks et al [5] parameterized the jig shape of the wing using the free form deformation approach (FFD) [11] to control the span, spanwise twist, and planform of the wing.…”

“…Several papers on the use of aeroelastic tailoring in general and its potential benefits have been written by Weisshaar [19], Danlin and Weisshaar [20], Livne and Weisshaar [21], and Weisshaar and Duke [22]. More specific research on the use of aeroelastic tailoring has been performed to minimize structural weight [23][24][25][26][27][28], to maximize flutter speed [25,26,[29][30][31][32], to optimize the gust response characteristics of wings [33,34], and on the effect of tow-steered composites on wing aeroelastic characteristics [3,5]. An example of the use of aeroelastic tailoring in nonaerospace applications is the research by Thuwis et al [35] of aeroelastic tailoring of the rear wing of an F1 car.…”

“…In terms of operating and trim conditions, all the load cases are evaluated at a cruise speed of 45 m∕s at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. The trim condition for all load cases was defined as L ngm (5) where L, m, n, and g represent lift, aircraft mass, load factor, and the gravitational acceleration.…”

Aerostructural Design Exploration of a Wing in Transonic Flow

“…One of the first high-fidelity aerostructural optimizations was conducted by Martins et al [13], who optimized the wing shape and wingbox sizing of a supersonic business jet using Euler computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a finite-element model. Since then, there have been various other efforts using CFD-based aerostructural optimization with both Euler [14,15] and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models [16][17][18][19][20]. Although more accurate fluid flow models are possible with large-eddy and direct-numerical simulations, the computational cost of such methods renders them prohibitive for wing design optimization with the current technology.…”