High-fidelity spatial mode transmission through a 1-km-long multimode fiber via vectorial time reversal

Zhou, Yiyu; Braverman, Boris; Fyffe, Alexander; Zhang, Runzhou; Zhao, Jiapeng; Willner, Alan E.; Shi, Zhimin; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22071-w

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The optical inversion strategy we have described here can potentially be extended to unscramble light that has passed through other objects, such as photonic crystal waveguides [64], photonic lanterns [65] or biological tissue [42]. Finally, we anticipate that all-optical inversion of scattered light will find an array of applications beyond optical imaging: benefiting the fields of mode division multiplexing for high capacity optical communications [2,66], as well as quantum cryptography [67] and classical and quantum optical computing [27,68]. §1: FIBRE MODE SORTER DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE QUANTIFICATION A multi-plane light converter (MPLC) consists of a series of 2D diffractive planes separated by free-space.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to build the optical inverse of a multimode fibre

Būtaitė¹,

Kupianskyi²,

Čižmár³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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When light propagates through a multimode optical fibre (MMF), the spatial information it carries is scrambled. Wavefront shaping can undo this scrambling, typically one spatial mode at a time -enabling deployment of MMFs as ultra-thin micro-endoscopes. In this work we go beyond serial wavefront shaping by showing how to simultaneously unscramble all spatial modes emerging from an MMF in parallel. We introduce a passive multiple-scattering element -crafted through the process of inverse design -that is complementary to an MMF and undoes its optical effects. This 'optical inverter' makes possible both single-shot wide-field imaging and super-resolution imaging through MMFs. Our design consists of a cascade of diffractive elements, and can be understood from the perspective of both multi-plane light conversion, and as a physically inspired deep diffractive neural network. This physical architecture can outperform state-of-the-art electronic neural networks tasked with unscrambling light, as it preserves the phase and coherence information of the optical signals flowing through it. Here we demonstrate our MMF inversion concept through numerical simulations, and efficiently sort and unscramble up to ∼ 400 step-index fibre modes, reforming incoherent images of scenes at arbitrary distances from the distal fibre facet. We also describe how our optical inverter can dynamically adapt to see through flexible fibres with a range of experimentally realistic TMs -made possible by moulding optical memory effects into the structure of our design. Although complex, our inversion scheme is based on current fabrication technology so could be realised in the near future. Beyond imaging through scattering media, these concepts open up a range of new avenues for optical multiplexing, communications and computation in the realms of classical and quantum photonics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to build the optical inverse of a multimode fibre

Būtaitė¹,

Kupianskyi²,

Čižmár³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Other work has demonstrated comparable data transmission techniques through MMFs using time reversal [49]. The combination of classical light calibration with the transmission of single photons for QKD systems was described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, guide star techniques are considerably more robust against phase drifts. With digital optical phase conjugation [48] , the correct phase position between two playbacks is not relevant and setups of up to 1 km long MMF links are straightforwardly implementable [49].…”

Section: Programmable Channel Diagonalisation For Mmfs Through Singul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmable Optical Data Transmission Through Multimode Fibres Enabling Confidentiality by Physical Layer Security

Rothe¹,

Besser²,

Krause³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Complex light transportation phenomena of multimode fibres can be exploited for information-theoretically secure data transmission. The approach called physical layer security is not crackable by quantum computers as it does not rely on mathematical complexity, but on targeted leveraging of properties that are obscured in the physical channel. For its implementation only knowledge of the channel conditions, i.e. the transmission matrix, is required. This allows wiretap code generation, which determine the appropriate mode combination providing secure data transmission. Once the proper combination is launched at the transmitter-side, the message is delivered to the legitimate receiver and, simultaneously, the full decipherment for an eavesdropper is destroyed. This is demonstrated experimentally at presence of an almighty eavesdropper and the fundamental theory is introduced. We harness effects that have long been considered limiting and have restricted the widespread use of multimode fibres opening new perspectives on information-theoretic security in spatial multiplexing communication systems.

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“…Recent interest in multimode fibers has been driven by an anticipated data crunch in which the ever-increasing demand for high-bandwidth communication services may be thwarted by the limited capacity of single-mode fibers [1,2]. Consequently, significant efforts have hitherto been directed to developing developing strategies for increasing data transmission rates via multimode fibers [3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, a multimode field in a fiber or waveguide does not maintain its transverse spatial profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation-invariant space-time supermodes in a multimode waveguide

Shiri¹,

Webster²,

Schepler³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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When an optical pulse is spatially localized in a highly multimoded waveguide, its energy is typically distributed among a multiplicity of modes, thus giving rise to a speckled transverse spatial profile that undergoes erratic changes with propagation. It has been suggested theoretically that pulsed multimode fields in which each wavelength is locked to an individual mode at a prescribed axial wave number will propagate invariantly along the waveguide at a tunable group velocity. In this conception, an initially localized field remains localized along the waveguide. Here, we provide proof-of-principle experimental confirmation for the existence of this new class of pulsed guided fields, which we denote 'space-time supermodes', and verify their propagation invariance in a planar waveguide. By superposing up to 21 modes, each assigned to a prescribed wavelength, we construct space-time supermodes in a 170-micron-thick planar glass waveguide with group indices extending from ≈ 1 to ≈ 2. The initial transverse width of the field is 6 microns, and the waveguide length is 9.1 mm, which is ≈ 257× the associated Rayleigh range. A variety of axially invariant transverse spatial profiles are produced by judicious selection of the modes contributing to the ST supermode, including single-peak and multi-peak fields, dark fields (containing a spatial dip), and even flat uniform intensity profiles.

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High-fidelity spatial mode transmission through a 1-km-long multimode fiber via vectorial time reversal

Cited by 47 publications

References 67 publications

How to build the optical inverse of a multimode fibre

How to build the optical inverse of a multimode fibre

Programmable Optical Data Transmission Through Multimode Fibres Enabling Confidentiality by Physical Layer Security

Propagation-invariant space-time supermodes in a multimode waveguide

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