High flux coherent super-continuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage, 10mJ, Ti:sapphire amplifier-pumped OPA

Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Ting-Jun; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchev, Tenio; Zhang, Xiaoshi; Walls, Mike; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.

doi:10.1364/oe.22.006194

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…By using counterrotating driving lasers at 0.79 μm (1.57 eV) and 1.3 μm (0.95 eV), we generate bright circularly polarized soft X-ray HHG beams with photon energies greater than 160 eV (14) and with flux comparable to the HHG flux obtained using linearly polarized 800-nm driving lasers (15). Moreover we implement, to our knowledge, the first advanced simulations of the coherent buildup of circularly polarized high harmonics to show how the macroscopic phase-matching physics and ellipticity of the driving lasers influence the HHG spectra, number of bright attosecond bursts, and the degree of circular polarization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…First, circularly polarized HHG provides a unique route for generating bright narrowband (λ/Δλ > 400) harmonic peaks in the soft X-ray region, to complement the soft X-ray supercontinua that are produced with linearly polarized mid-IR lasers (2,15,16). This capability is significant because it provides an elegant and efficient route for shaping soft X-ray light by manipulating the driving laser light, and is very useful for applications in high-resolution coherent imaging (17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and photoelectron spectroscopies.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bright circularly polarized soft X-ray high harmonics for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Fan

Gychtol

Knut

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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268

129

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We demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first bright circularly polarized high-harmonic beams in the soft X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and use them to implement X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements in a tabletop-scale setup. Using counterrotating circularly polarized laser fields at 1.3 and 0.79 μm, we generate circularly polarized harmonics with photon energies exceeding 160 eV. The harmonic spectra emerge as a sequence of closely spaced pairs of left and right circularly polarized peaks, with energies determined by conservation of energy and spin angular momentum. We explain the single-atom and macroscopic physics by identifying the dominant electron quantum trajectories and optimal phasematching conditions. The first advanced phase-matched propagation simulations for circularly polarized harmonics reveal the influence of the finite phase-matching temporal window on the spectrum, as well as the unique polarization-shaped attosecond pulse train. Finally, we use, to our knowledge, the first tabletop X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the N 4,5 absorption edges of Gd to validate the high degree of circularity, brightness, and stability of this light source. These results demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating the polarization, spectrum, and temporal shape of high harmonics in the soft X-ray region by manipulating the driving laser waveform.X-rays | high harmonics generation | magnetic material | ultrafast light science | phase matching H igh-harmonic generation (HHG) results from an extreme nonlinear quantum response of atoms to intense laser fields. When implemented in a phase-matched geometry, bright, coherent HHG beams can extend to photon energies beyond 1.6 keV (1, 2). For many years, however, bright HHG was limited to linear polarization, precluding many applications in probing and characterizing magnetic materials and nanostructures, as well as chiral phenomena in general. Although X-ray optics can in principle be used to convert extreme UV (EUV) and X-ray light from linear to circular polarization, in practice such optics are challenging to fabricate and have poor throughput and limited bandwidth (3). A more appealing option is the direct generation of elliptically polarized (4-6) and circularly polarized (7-9) high harmonics. In recent work we showed that by using a combination of 0.8 and 0.4 μm counterrotating driving fields, bright (i.e., phase-matched) EUV HHG with circular polarization can be generated at wavelengths λ > 18 nm and used for EUV magnetic dichroism measurements (10-13).Here we make, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration of circularly polarized harmonics in the soft X-ray region to wavelengths λ < 8 nm, and use them to implement soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements using a tabletop-scale setup. By using counterrotating driving lasers at 0.79 μm (1.57 eV) and 1.3 μm (0.95 eV), we generate bright circularly polarized soft X-ray HHG beams with photon energies greater than 160 eV (14) and with flux comparable...

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bright circularly polarized soft X-ray high harmonics for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Fan

Gychtol

Knut

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

268

129

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show abstract

“…High-order harmonics in the "water window" with photon energy ranging from 280 to 530 eV have been reported in a number of laboratories in recent years [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Such soft X-ray harmonics are needed to excite core-level transitions in materials.…”

Section: B Broadband Xuv Pulses Where Frog-crab Failsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques have been developed to generate broadband extreme ultraviolet (XUV) light that has available continuum bandwidth capable of supporting pulse duration of a few tens to hundreds of attoseconds, such as amplitude gating [2], ionization gating [3], polarization gating [5], double optical gating [4], and wavefront rotation method [6]. Similarly, using few-cycle phase-stabilized mid-infrared wavelength lasers, ultrabroadband super-continuum harmonics up to the waterwindow and beyond have been reported [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. If these pulses are transform-limited, the resulting durations of the attosecond pulses are expected to range from 30 attoseconds down to even a few attoseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Xi-nan

Hui

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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Recent progress in high-order harmonic generation with few-cycle mid-infrared wavelength lasers has pushed light pulses into the water window region and beyond. These pulses have the bandwidth to support single attosecond pulses down to a few tens of attoseconds. However, the present available techniques for attosecond pulse measurement are not applicable to such pulses. Here we report a phase-retrieval method using the standard photoelectron streaking technique where an attosecond pulse is converted into its electron replica through photoionization of atoms in the presence of a time-delayed infrared laser. The iterative algorithm allows accurate reconstruction of the spectral phase of light pulses, from the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) to soft X-rays, with pulse durations from hundreds down to a few tens of attoseconds. At the same time, the streaking laser fields, including short pulses that span a few octaves, can also be accurately retrieved. Such well-characterized single attosecond pulses in the XUV to the soft X-ray region are required for time-resolved probing of inner-shell electronic dynamics of matter at their own timescale of a few tens of attoseconds.

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“…One can expect that this type spectroscopy will now be implemented in the SXR range with the tremendous advantage of element sensitivity on carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Documented photon numbers of harmonic sources are on the order of 10 7 photons/s in 1% bandwidth at 300 eV with 1 kHz repetition rate [28,35]. Typical spectral resolution needed for NEXAFS on isolated molecules is 0.25 eV, such that about 10 5 -10 6 photons/s are available per spectral bin (given that the spectrometer and detector have low loss).…”

Section: Figure 2: (A) Difference Auger Spectrum (Excited Minus Non-ementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Soft X-ray Probing of Gas Phase Molecular Dynamics

Gühr

2016

Synchrotron Radiation News

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High flux coherent super-continuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage, 10mJ, Ti:sapphire amplifier-pumped OPA

Cited by 57 publications

References 48 publications

Bright circularly polarized soft X-ray high harmonics for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Bright circularly polarized soft X-ray high harmonics for X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

Phase-retrieval algorithm for the characterization of broadband single attosecond pulses

Ultrafast Soft X-ray Probing of Gas Phase Molecular Dynamics

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