High frequency abrupt shifts in the Indian summer monsoon since Younger Dryas in the Himalaya

Ali, Sheikh Nawaz; Dubey, Jyotsna; Ghosh, Ruby; Quamar, Md. Firoze; Sharma, Anupam; Morthekai, P.; Dimri, A. P.; Shekhar, Mayank; Arif, Md.; Agrawal, Shailesh

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27597-6

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Subsequently, the samples were centrifuged, rinsed repeatedly with deionized water until neutral pH was achieved, and dried. The sample preparation procedures are discussed in detail in Agrawal et al (2012), Dubey et al (2018), and Ali et al (2018).The decarbonated samples were weighed and packed in tin capsules and introduced into an Elemental Analyzer (Flash EA 2000 HT) through an auto sampler. Through combustion, CO 2 gas was produced and introduced into a Continuous Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (MAT 253) coupled with Con-Flow IV interface for isotopic analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2; ; Climate Research Unit (CRU)-TS 4.03 data). We are confident that the carbon isotopic composition of plants in the Penzi-la area will portray the variations in precipitation/ hydrological conditions (Francey and Farquhar, 1982;Sternberg et al, 1984;Ali et al, 2018). The temporal variation in the Rb/Sr ratio of loess-paleosol and lacustrine sequences has successfully been used as a proxy for the degree of pedogenesis and weathering (Dasch, 1969;Chen et al, 1999;Jin et.…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The mean annual precipitation, latitude, and altitude are the most significant controlling factors of δ 13 Cvalues of terrestrial C 3 plants (Diefendorf et al, 2010;Basu et al, 2015Basu et al, , 2019Kohn 2016;Rao et al, 2017). Hence, the δ 13 C value of SOM under C 3 -dominated vegetation has a negative correlation with precipitation (Kohn, 2010;Rao et al, 2013Rao et al, , 2017Basu et al, 2015Basu et al, , 2019 and has been successfully used to reconstruct climate variability in the eastern Himalaya (Ali et al, 2018). The δ 13 C-based investigations of modern plant and SOM samples in the Penzi-la show a C 3 -dominated vegetation (alpine meadow; average δ 13 C = −25.5‰).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India

et al. 2020

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A 1.3-m-long sediment core from the Penzi-la pass, Zanskar Valley, provides a record of hydroclimatic conditions and abrupt climate changes over short time scales since the mid-Holocene. These climatic changes of centennial time scale are crucial to understanding the hydroclimatic variability in northwestern (NW) Himalaya. Relatively higher δ13C values complemented by total organic carbon, loss on ignition, grain size parameters, and lower Rubidium/Strontium ratios during the Late Northgrippian imply that the area had a dry climate during the period from ~6200–4500 cal yr BP. Subsequently, a relatively stable hydroclimatic environment was experienced between ~4500 and 3400 cal yr BP. After ~3400 cal yr BP the multiproxy data show gradual strengthening of hydroclimatic conditions, however, this trend is interrupted by high-amplitude abrupt reversals (dry events) with a stepwise decreasing intensity at ~3300, 2600, 1700, and 400 cal yr BP. The two most important climatic events of the last millennia (i.e., Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age) were also recorded from the sedimentary archive. Overall, our data show a progressive increase in the moisture availability in the Zanskar Valley and are in agreement with the late Holocene climatic trends of central and western Himalaya.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Principal Component Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India

et al. 2020

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“…However, the strong signatures of the hypersaline taxon Suaeda, a C4-type indicator of dry to arid conditions, in pollen zone SDK-II (980-480 cal yr BP) is indicative of a weaker monsoon and consequent waterstressed conditions during this period. Studies on the Indian summer monsoon using different proxies also indicate that the amount and intensity of the monsoonal rains have fluctuated since the early Holocene on the Indian subcontinent (Gupta et al 2006, Thamban et al 2007, Clift & Plumb 2008, Sarkar et al 2009, Singhvi et al 2012, Shah et al 2017, Ali et al 2018. In general the early Holocene has been characterized by monsoon intensification followed by largely arid conditions since the mid Holocene, with intermittent short periods of strengthened monsoonal periods.…”

Section: Suaedamentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of the mangrove ecosystem to Holocene environmental change in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Hait¹,

Behling

2019

Acta Palaeobotanica

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The Sundarban Mangrove Forest in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, located at the mouth of the Ganga–Brahmaputra Delta in India, is the most diverse mangrove ecosystem in the world. Sediment cores were taken from two widely separated islands in that reserve: Chamta (CMT) and Sudhyanyakhali (SDK). Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating were used to study the Holocene development and dynamics of this unique ecosystem. Modern pollen rain study reveals a strong relation between modern pollen rain and the present vegetation, as well as a high rate of Phoenix palludosa pollen production.The pollen records indicate that man-grove existed at CMT from ~5960 and at SDK from ~1520 cal yr BP. Changes in relative sea level, including the frequency and intensity of inundation as well as fluctuating precipitation, have been the major factors along with geomorphic processes that control the development and dynamics of the mangrove in the area during the Holocene. The mid Holocene mangrove at CMT declined, to be progressively replaced by successive communities, and eventually reached climax stage, while the SDK site is transitional in nature. The mangrove responds rapidly to changes in environmental conditions at both locations. Because of large-scale anthropogenic interventions, it is unlikely that similar rapid responses will occur in the future.

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“…The winter temperature over the Himalaya is also significantly showing an increasing trend that is again more than the global averages (Shreshtha et al 1999;Bajracharya et al 2007). The increasing temperature has affected the Himalayan glaciers and is well depicted by the melting and fragmentation of the glaciers and thawing of the permafrost in the Himalaya (Bali et al 2013;Kulkarni and Karyakarte 2014;Allen et al 2016a;Wu et al 2017;Ali et al 2018). Snow cover, an indicator of climate change (Yaning et al 2008;Brown and Robinson 2011;Shukla et al 2017;Yu et al 2017;Negi et al 2018), also shows a decreasing seasonal trend in the Himalayan region (Kour et al 2016;Kulkarni et al 2010;Sharma et al 2012) and particularly in the north west Himalaya (Sharma et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Inventory and Evolution of Glacial Lakes in the Nubra-Shyok Basin of Karakoram Range

et al. 2019

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The trends of glacier lake evolution during the past few decades and their future development are still not well understood. The aim of the present study is to investigate the growth and changes in moraine and bed rock dammed glacier lakes of the Nubra and Shyok basin, Karakoram Range using multi-temporal satellite images. The glacier lake inventory is based on Landsat 7 and 8 (15 m spatial resolution), and Sentinels 2A (10 m spatial resolution) satellite imageries. The data revealed that during the years 2002-2017, the number of glacial lakes increased from 215 to 255. The glacial lake area also increased from ~ 9.0 km 2 in 2003 to ~ 9.36 km 2 in 2013 and ~ 11.27 km 2 in 2017. During 2002-2017, the lake area increased by ~ 2.27 km 2 , out of which ~ 1.9 km 2 increase is recorded between 2013 and 2017 accounts for almost 84% of the total increase. The lakes with an area of ≥ 0.2 km 2 have been considered for glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) susceptibility studies and volume estimation. Analyses of the data show a progressive increase in number of glacial lakes and their areal extent. This study would help planners to minimize the adverse effects of GLOF in the Nubra-Shyok basin.

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High frequency abrupt shifts in the Indian summer monsoon since Younger Dryas in the Himalaya

Cited by 53 publications

References 67 publications

Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India

Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India

Responses of the mangrove ecosystem to Holocene environmental change in the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Lake Inventory and Evolution of Glacial Lakes in the Nubra-Shyok Basin of Karakoram Range

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