High frequency modulation capabilities and quasi single-sideband emission from a quantum cascade laser

Hangauer, Andreas; Spinner, Georg; Nikodem, Michał; Wysocki, Gerard

doi:10.1364/oe.22.023439

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The mechanisms responsible for the change in emission frequency with laser current are thermal and adiabatic in nature (i.e. caused by the changes in AR temperature and carrier density) [65,66]. Although the adiabatic mechanism is complex and non-linear, the linear component dominates in our QCL and provides a satisfactory approximation.…”

Section: Emission Frequency Modelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

Agnew¹,

Grier²,

Taimre³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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Abstract:Optical feedback effects in lasers may be useful or problematic, depending on the type of application. When semiconductor lasers are operated using pulsed-mode excitation, their behavior under optical feedback depends on the electronic and thermal characteristics of the laser, as well as the nature of the external cavity. Predicting the behavior of a laser under both optical feedback and pulsed operation therefore requires a detailed model that includes laser-specific thermal and electronic characteristics. In this paper we introduce such a model for an exemplar bound-to-continuum terahertz frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL), illustrating its use in a selection of pulsed operation scenarios. Our results demonstrate significant interplay between electro-optical, thermal, and feedback phenomena, and that this interplay is key to understanding QCL behavior in pulsed applications. Further, our results suggest that for many types of QCL in interferometric applications, thermal modulation via low duty cycle pulsed operation would be an alternative to commonly used adiabatic modulation.Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. 4, 631-633 (2014). 11. G. Giuliani, M. Norgia, S. Donati, and T. Bosch, "Laser diode self-mixing technique for sensing applications," J. Opt.A 1937-1942 (2016

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Section: Emission Frequency Modelingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

Agnew¹,

Grier²,

Taimre³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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“…In that previous work, the modulation frequency was 200 MHz [15]. However, similarly to other reported high frequency modulation FMS schemes [16][17], the wavelength tuning was limited to several seconds due to the slow current ramp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

High-Speed Mid-Infrared Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy Based on Quantum Cascade Laser

Chen

Tang

et al. 2016

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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We demonstrated a high-speed mid-infrared frequency modulation spectroscopy scheme based on a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser for application in trace gas sensing by means of all-optical frequency modulation. With this method, the modulation frequency spectrum of a gas sample can be obtained within the mid-infrared pulse duration of about 200 ns. A frequency modulation of the middle infrared lasing optical frequency was achieved in quantum cascade laser with a modulation frequency of 200 MHz by illuminating with a 1550 nm near-infrared laser. For CO gas, with 2-mW near-infrared illumination, the noise-equivalent sensitivity of the frequency modulation spectroscopy was estimated to be 0.12 ppmv for an absorption length of 6.1 meters, indicating an improvement by a factor of 7 compared with Voigt-fitted direct absorption spectroscopy (0.84 ppmv). The frequency modulation signal was found to be proportional to the incident near-infrared power, and therefore the noise-equivalent sensitivity is expected to be further improved by increasing the near-infrared illumination power. This high-speed frequency modulation spectroscopy based on the distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser has promising applications in high-speed and high-sensitivity gas sensing.Index Terms -frequency modulation spectroscopy, middle-infrared spectroscopy, quantum cascade laser, gas sensing.

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“…in order to confirm the tendency we observed. Such method 29,35 allows a global removal of the thermal effects that may still be present at a few dozens of MHz, corresponding to the characteristic frequencies of the chaotic patterns we observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

Spitz

Herdt

Duan

et al. 2019

Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XVI

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optical sources exploiting radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures. 1 The opportunity given by the broad span of wavelengths that QCLs can achieve, from mid-infrared to terahertz, leads to a wide number of applications such as absorption spectroscopy, optical countermeasures and free-space communications requiring stable single-mode operation with a narrow linewidth and high output power. 2 One of the parameters of paramount importance for studying the high-speed and nonlinear dynamical properties of QCLs is the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF). The LEF quantifies the coupling between the gain and the refractive index of the QCL or, in a similar manner, the coupling between the phase and the amplitude of the electrical field. 3 Prior work focused on experimental studies of the LEF for pump currents above threshold but without exceeding 12% of the threshold current at 283K 4 and 56% of the threshold current at 82K. 5 In this work, we use the Hakki-Paoli method 6 to retrieve the LEF for current biases below threshold. We complement our findings using the self-mixing interferometry technique 5 to obtain LEFs for current biases up to more than 100% of the threshold current. These insets are meaningful to understand the behavior of QCLs, which exhibit a strongly temperature sensitive chaotic bubble when subject to external optical feedback. 7

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High frequency modulation capabilities and quasi single-sideband emission from a quantum cascade laser

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

Model for a pulsed terahertz quantum cascade laser under optical feedback

High-Speed Mid-Infrared Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy Based on Quantum Cascade Laser

Extensive study of the linewidth enhancement factor of a distributed feedback quantum cascade laser at ultra-low temperature

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