“…[10,19,35] Indeed, the slope calculated for the linear fit of the datapoints between 10 and 2000 V s −1 was 0.89 ( Figure 3F), indicating a predominant surface capacitive process rather than diffusion process. [15,38] Moreover, the linearity of current density/scan rate recorded for the Ni/ Ru/RuO 2 SC apparent up to the significantly high scan rate of 2000 V s −1 (Figure 3F) outperforms varied previously reported SC devices, such as graphene-carbon nanotube carpet SCs, [10] RuO 2 microsupercapacitors (50 V s −1 ), [30] SCs based upon single-multiwall nanotube film, [35] carbonized melamine foam SCs, [39] and plasma reduced graphene oxide SCs. [40] Notably, the Au/Ru/RuO 2 device exhibited a linear dependence only up to 500 V s −1 (Figure 3F, orange circles) accounting for greater resistance and consistent with the dramatically less pronounced capacitive properties of the gold-based devices compared to the devices employing the nickel substrates ( Figure 3A-E).…”