High Glucose Condition Suppresses Neurosphere Formation by Human Periodontal Ligament‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

D-Glucose serves many roles in cellular functions, but its role in human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSLSCs) is yet unknown. Here, the roles of high glucose concentration on neurogenic differentiation by hPDLSCs were investigated. Two-stage neurogenic induction protocol was employed. Cells were maintained in normal neurogenic induction medium, high glucose condition, or high mannose condition. The results showed that high glucose attenuated neurosphere formation efficiency by hPDLSCs in terms of morphology, neurogenic marker expression, without a deleterious effect on cell viability. Contrastingly, neurosphere-derived cells matured in high glucose condition exhibited normal neuronal characteristics compared to the control. During neurosphere formation in high glucose, glucose transporters (GLUTs) mRNA levels were significantly decreased, corresponding with the deprivation of cellular glucose uptake. Further, a glucose uptake inhibitor, cytochalasin B, was used to confirm the deleterious effects of glucose uptake deprivation during neurosphere formation. The results demonstrated that deprivation of glucose uptake attenuated neurosphere formation efficiency by hPDLSCs. Together, the results illustrated that high glucose condition attenuated the efficiency of neurosphere formation but not neuronal maturation, which may occur through the downregulation of GLUTs and the reduction of glucose uptake.

Systems biology analysis of osteogenic differentiation behavior by canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and dental pulp

“…In vitro adipogenic differentiation. According to previous established protocol 78,79 , 30,000 cells were seeded onto 24-well plate (Corning, USA) and cultured in adipogenic induction medium containing 0.1 mg/ ml insulin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), 1 µM dexamethasone, 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), and 0.2 mM indomethacin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 28 days. Cells were stained with Oil Red O (Sigma-Aldrich, USA).…”

Influence of Egr-1 in Cardiac Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Response to Glucose Variations

“…Some reports have shown that the deprivation of glucose is able to attenuate neurosphere formation efficiency but no neuronal maturation by human periodontal ligament-derived MSCs [46] and that glucose deprivation-induced necrosis, a distinct hallmark of the metabolic stress present in solid tumors in combination with hypoxia, is specifically regulated by Egr-1 [47]. Moreover, if MSCs are conditioned with glucose depletion, they become even able to enhance their regenerative properties after myocardial infarction [7].…”

Tailored generation of insulin producing cells from canine mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue

“…Multilineage differentiation potential was assessed regarding osteogenicity, chondrogenicity, and adipogenicity. For osteogenic differentiation, the previously published induction protocol was used 17 , 21 , 103 . Briefly, the cells were seeded onto a 24-well culture plate (Corning, USA) in a concentration of 2.5 × 10 5 cells/well.…”