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D-Glucose serves many roles in cellular functions, but its role in human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPSLSCs) is yet unknown. Here, the roles of high glucose concentration on neurogenic differentiation by hPDLSCs were investigated. Two-stage neurogenic induction protocol was employed. Cells were maintained in normal neurogenic induction medium, high glucose condition, or high mannose condition. The results showed that high glucose attenuated neurosphere formation efficiency by hPDLSCs in terms of morphology, neurogenic marker expression, without a deleterious effect on cell viability. Contrastingly, neurosphere-derived cells matured in high glucose condition exhibited normal neuronal characteristics compared to the control. During neurosphere formation in high glucose, glucose transporters (GLUTs) mRNA levels were significantly decreased, corresponding with the deprivation of cellular glucose uptake. Further, a glucose uptake inhibitor, cytochalasin B, was used to confirm the deleterious effects of glucose uptake deprivation during neurosphere formation. The results demonstrated that deprivation of glucose uptake attenuated neurosphere formation efficiency by hPDLSCs. Together, the results illustrated that high glucose condition attenuated the efficiency of neurosphere formation but not neuronal maturation, which may occur through the downregulation of GLUTs and the reduction of glucose uptake.

Polysaccharide gel (PG) extracted from fruit-hulls of durian (Durio zibethinus L.) was prepared as a preparation of dressing film. Efficacy of PG film for the treatment of full-thickness excisional wounds was performed in swine. Six youngfemale, cross-bred pigs, weighing 18-20 kg were used. Three full-thickness excisional wounds 2.45 cm in diameter were operated along both sides of dorsal midline area in each pig. Thirty-six wounds were randomly devided into 3 groups of 12 wounds. All wounds in group 1 were applied 1% Lugol's solution and covered with sterile gauze dressing (control). The wounds in group 2 and 3 were treated with PG dressing film (treatment 1) and applied 1% Lugol's solution and covered with PG dressing film (treatment 2), respectively. The wounds were examined for performance of wound healing on day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 postoperation and each group were retreated with the same procedure. On day 18, skin samples from each wound were taken for histopathological study. The results demonstrated that PG dressing film treated wounds (treatment 1) showed more rapid wound closure, slightly and less tissue reactions than those in the control and the treatment 2 groups. The results suggest that PG dressing film seems to have beneficial property on wound healing in pig skin in this study.

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