High Glycemic Load Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Carriers

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that a high glycemic load (GL) diet is a risk factor for dementia, especially among apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) carriers, while its association with cognitive decline is poorly known. Here, we investigated the association of high-GL meals with cognitive decline in older adults during a 12-year follow-up, according to their APOE4 carrier status. We used random-effect models and data from 2539 elderly participants from the Three-City study who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to longitudinally assess the association of GL with changes in different cognitive domains (verbal fluency, visual memory, attention, visual motor processing speed, episodic memory). In APOE4 carriers, afternoon snack with high GL was significantly associated with cognitive decline in visual memory, episodic memory, and global cognition compared with APOE4 non-carriers. This study suggests a detrimental association between a high-GL diet and cognitive decline. The promotion of a low GL diet as a target to prevent cognitive decline in high-risk populations deserves more research.

Influence of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) enriched ice creams on rats’ brain: Exploring the redox and cholinergic systems

“…The reduction of this ice cream on rats’ body weight could be a result of the hypoglycemic potential of Moringa Oleifera ( Kar et al, 2003 ). Foods with a high glycemic load (GL) contributes to an increased rate of released free glucose in circulation and the brain leading to a decline in cognition ( Gentreau et al, 2020 ). It is thus reasonable to say that foods with low-GI induce ameliorative effects on damages related to brain cognitive function since their ability to generate free glucose is low.…”

Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Protective against the Multiomic Effects of a High Glycemic Diet on Brain Microvascular Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction

“…However, the molecular footprint of the glycemic component of the WD on the brain microvasculature, and whether and how the HGD may contribute to microvascular injury, was up to now unknown. A HGD is a risk factor for dementia [14] and is associated with poor cognitive performance [15,16], but whether the effect can be reversed has also been unknown. Given that in murine models of diabetes, soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHI) reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive decline [32][33][34], we also aimed to examine their role in our model.…”

“…An HGD has also been associated with a greater cerebral amyloid burden [13]. Further, consumption of a high glycemic index afternoon snack was associated with cognitive decline in apolipoprotein E4 allele carriers [14]. However, there is relatively sparse animal data on the effects of an HGD on the brain and cognitive function.…”

Association of glycemic variability with death and severe consciousness disturbance among critically ill patients with cerebrovascular disease: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

“…Some pathophysiological processes were proposed to elucidate the possible effects of glycemic variability on brain. Glycemic levels are associated with amyloid burden, cause cognitive impairment in apolipoprotein E ε4 allele carriers [19,20]. At the cellular level, significant glycemic variability has been shown to cause more endothelial dysfunction and induce oxidative stress than stable hyperglycemia [21], potentially contributing to more serious cerebrovascular impairment and cognitive decline.…”