High incidence area of cattle cancer with a possible interaction between an environmental carcinogen and a papilloma virus

Jarrett, W. F. H.; McNeil, Percival; Grimshaw, W. T. R.; Selman, IE; McIntyre, W. I. M.

doi:10.1038/274215a0

Cited by 253 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Chronic bovine enzootic haematuria, which may be followed by bladder cancer, has been reported among cattle from many parts of the world (Pamukcu et al, 1967;Jarrett et al, 1978). In all cases there is good evidence that the animals have been affected as a consequence of grazing upon growing bracken or of eating cut bracken used as bedding; and bracken feeding experiments have confirmed the association (Pamukcu et al, 1967).…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

Gastric cancer in Gwynedd. Possible links with bracken

Galpin

Whitaker²,

Whitaker³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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Summary One hundred and one histologically confirmed gastric cancer patients in Gwynedd, North Wales, were matched by sex, age and social class to two hospital inpatients without cancer. Seventy-seven of the gastric cancer cases were also matched, using the same criteria, to a patient with a confirmed cancer of a different site (excluding oesophagus). A (Stocks, 1936(Stocks, , 1937(Stocks, , 1939 and although the disease is declining in the United Kingdom as a whole, the incidence in some administrative districts of Gwynedd (North-west Wales) is still substantially higher than the national average. This fact is strikingly displayed in mapped form by Howe (1970) and by Gardner et al. (1983).The high incidence in North Wales has never been satisfactorily explained although the possibility that environmental and/or dietary factors are involved has been investigated by a number of different authors (Stocks, 1957;Davies & Wynne Griffith, 1954;Howe, 1979). Furthermore, population migration studies among the Welsh (Armstrong et al., 1983) and other races (Haenszel, 1961) would seem to exclude genetic influences as a major factor in aetiology.Many parts of Gwynedd have in the past formed 'island communities' with static populations who could thus be exposed throughout life to local environmental carcinogens. Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) is widely distributed and one of the most successful weeds worldwide (Fenwick, 1988). It is estimated that almost 7% of Wales is occupied by bracken, and in Gwynedd the coverage is substantially greater, exceeding 20% land cover in parts of the county (Taylor, 1985).Many investigators have demonstrated the carcinogenic potential of bracken in a variety of animal species. Chronic bovine enzootic haematuria, which may be followed by bladder cancer, has been reported among cattle from many parts of the world (Pamukcu et al., 1967;Jarrett et al., 1978). In all cases there is good evidence that the animals have been affected as a consequence of grazing upon growing bracken or of eating cut bracken used as bedding; and bracken feeding experiments have confirmed the association (Pamukcu et al., 1967). The earliest experimental work was performed on rats who were given bracken fronds in their diet for 2 months; all the animals succumbed to ileal adenocarcinoma (Evans & Mason, 1965). The same workers obtained bladder tumours in guinea pigs, but in mice the most frequent malignancies produced were leukaemias and gastric carcinoma (Evans, 1984). The same malignancies can also be produced by feeding bracken spores to these animals (Evans, 1986). Among the features of bracken carcinogenicity of special interest observed in these mouse experiments are the vulnerability of the young weanling animal and the relatively long latent period before gastric tumours develop (Evans, 1987

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supporting

confidence: 50%

Gastric cancer in Gwynedd. Possible links with bracken

Galpin

Whitaker²,

Whitaker³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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“…Baseados nessas observações Jarrett et al (1978b) propuseram que os tumores de bexiga e de trato digestivo seriam o resultado da interação entre um agente infeccioso, representado pelo BPV, e um agente químico, presente na planta, constituindo assim o que seria um modelo multifatorial de oncogênese. Mais tarde, a interação entre P. aquilinum e o BPV na produção de tumores de bexiga e do trato digestivo em bovinos foi testada experimentalmente por Campo & Jarrett (1986), sem resultados totalmente conclusivos.…”

Section: Resul II Resul Ii Resul Ii Resul Ii Results T T T Tadunclassified

Enfermidades determinadas pelo princípio radiomimético de Pteridium aquilinum (Polypodiaceae)

2002

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Por meio de revisão da literatura pertinente foram coligidos e são apresentados os principais dados relativos aos aspectos epidemiológicos, toxicológicos, clínicos, anátomo e histopatológicos observados nos casos de intoxicação pelo princípio radiomimético de Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. São abordados a Hematúria Enzoótica Bovina (HEB), os Carcinomas das Vias Digestivas Superiores (CVDS), a Diátese Hemorrágica (DH), os Tumores Intestinais (TI) e a Degeneração Progressiva da Retina (DPR), com ênfase proporcional à importância de cada entidade. Esse estudo objetiva chamar a atenção para o especial significado dessa planta para a pecuária, em função dos prejuízos econômicos por ela determinados e, também, pelo provável risco que ela representa para a saúde humana.

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“…(vM) There are numerous papers (which cannot all be cited here) such as the article by Jarrett et al (37) and other articles (38,39) that point to an intriguing synergism between chemicals and viruses in causing malignant tumors. Whether the virus is the "initiator" and the chemical the promoter or whether the chemical is the carcinogen and the virus the promoter remains to be determined in most of these cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the product of the src gene a promoter?

Bissell¹,

Hatié²,

Calvin³

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Addition of a potent promotor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), to primary avian tendon or chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with a temperaturesensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus produced a complete transformed phenocopy at the non rmissive temperature by the criteria tested. While normal, uninfected cultures also shifted towards a transformed phenotype after TPA addition, they did not achieve the same degree of morphological and biochemical alteration seen in virus-infected, TPAtreated cells.It is proposed that viral carcinogenesis, despite its rapidity, may occur in two stages: an "initiation" step caused by expression of a part of viral genome other than src (or by integration) and a promotion step (itself a multistep process) caused by the activation of the src gene. The src gene product could be enhanced or replaced by other promoting agents.We have gained tremendous knowledge of the structure and the genetics of RNA tumor viruses in recent years (1-3), yet we know relatively little about the mechanism(s) of viral carcinogenesis. The early optimism that viral transformation could provide a simple model for studying malignancy and that, once we identified the "oncogene" (4), we would understand cancer, has given way to skepticism and to an abrupt shift of interest from tumor viruses to other environmental carcinogens.The rapidity and completeness by which RNA tumor viruses could transform cells in culture andthe simplicity of the assay systems were the initial arguments for the use of RNA tumor virus-transformed cells as models for studying malignancy. These same reasonings, however, now are used to The isolation of active ingredients of croton oil by Hecker (7) has opened a whole new area of research, that of mechanism of action of tumor-promoting agents 8-11. It is now apparent that many characteristics induced by Rous sarcoma viruses (RSVs) are also induced by tumor promoters (10, 11). The overlap, however, is incomplete. Indeed, most of the effects of tumor promoters on normal cultured cells are analogousqualitatively and quantitatively-to the effects of serum (12) or other growth factors and are less pronounced than those caused by viral transformation. In addition, some characteristics, such as transformed morphology (11) and growth in agar, are not induced by the promoters.In this paper we show that at 410C addition of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a potent chemical promoter, to chicken cells infected with LA24, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of RSV with a defect in the sarc gene, produces a more exact phenocopy of transformed cells than does TPA treatment of normal cells. The product of the arc gene at the nonpermissive temperature, therefore, appears to be either activated or replaced by the promoter. We propose that the product of the src gene itself may be a promoter rather than the initiator of transformation and that viral carcinogenesis may occur in two stages similar to those operating in mouse skin (13). The predictions of the model and the a...

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High incidence area of cattle cancer with a possible interaction between an environmental carcinogen and a papilloma virus

Cited by 253 publications

References 7 publications

Gastric cancer in Gwynedd. Possible links with bracken

Gastric cancer in Gwynedd. Possible links with bracken

Enfermidades determinadas pelo princípio radiomimético de Pteridium aquilinum (Polypodiaceae)

Is the product of the src gene a promoter?

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