High incidence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansinfection in patients with cerebral infarction and diabetic renal failure: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundRecent epidemiological studies suggest that periodontitis is a major risk factor for renal failure and cerebral infarction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among periodontitis, renal failure, and cerebral infarction, focusing on microbiological and immunological features.MethodsTwenty-one patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) were enrolled in this study. They were 8 with diabetic nephropathy and 13 with non-diabetic nephropathy. Blood examination, periodontal examination, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI), and dental radiography were performed on all patients. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and blood samples were analyzed for the periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsWe found that the patients with diabetic nephropathy had more A. actinomycetemcomitans compared with non-diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.038) in dental plaque. Furthermore, the patients with diabetic nephropathy showed a significantly higher incidence of cerebral infarction compared with those with non-diabetic nephropathy (P = 0.029). Clinical oral and radiographic scores tended to be higher among patients in the diabetic nephropathy group than in the non-diabetic nephropathy group.ConclusionsPeriodontal pathogens, particularly A. actinomycetemcomitans, may play a role, at least a part, in the development of cerebral infarction in Japanese HD patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Effect of Periodontitis on Adiponectin, C‐Reactive Protein, and Immunoglobulin G Against Porphyromonas gingivalis in Thai People With Overweight or Obese Status

“…There was no cross‐reactivity with other inflammatory mediators. IgG antibodies against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were also analyzed by ELISA as described previously 21 …”

The dental infections in patients undergoing preoperative dental examination before surgical treatment of saccular intracranial aneurysm

“…There are many studies on the general prevalence of periodontitis summarized by Kassebaum et al [ 21 ], and there are a few studies concerning the possible association between chronic dental infection and stroke [ 22 , 23 ], but to the best of our knowledge, there are no other studies on the association between these infections and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In the present study, we showed that deep periodontal inflammatory pockets and periapical lesions were more common in patients with a cerebral aneurysm than in the normal population.…”

The Two‐Way Association of Periodontal Infection with Systemic Disorders: An Overview

“…There has been a significant interest in the possible association between oral and systemic diseases in the past few decades [ 27 – 29 ], especially after the case-control study by Mattila et al [ 30 ] who noticed a significant association between poor dental health and acute myocardial infarction in the patients, as compared to control subjects. Subsequently, various epidemiological studies have investigated and supported a causal association of periodontitis with several clinical systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease [ 31 , 32 ], diabetes [ 33 ], respiratory disease [ 34 ], adverse pregnancy outcomes [ 35 ], Alzheimer's disease [ 36 ], pancreatic cancer [ 37 ], and cerebral infarction [ 38 ]. In addition to the chronic inflammation triggered in response to the oral pathogens, periodontal infection may also result in tooth loss, oral pain, poor mastication, and several nutritional defects and may also be expected to be related with Alzheimer's disease and dementia [ 39 – 41 ].…”