High index contrast polymer waveguide platform for integrated biophotonics

Halldorsson, Jennifer; Arnfinnsdottir, Nina Bjørk; Jónsdóttir, Ásta Björk; Agnarsson, Björn; Leósson, Kristján

doi:10.1364/oe.18.016217

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As an example, square-cross-section PMMA channels in CYTOP with core sizes in the range 300 nm to 500 nm exhibit single-mode behavior across the visible wavelength range [24]. Such transverse dimensions are easily obtained by spin-coating and lateral dimension are within the capabilities of e-beam or DUV lithography, both of which can be used to pattern the PMMA layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monitoring of light transmission through passive devices, on the other hand, can be used for refractive-index or temperature sensing, or monitoring of near-surface fluorescence directly coupled into the waveguide mode. In our previous work, we have reported the performance of several passive PMMA-CYTOP waveguide devices, including splitters, couplers and resonators [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previously mentioned work, light was introduced into the single-mode waveguides by manually aligning a tapered lensed optical fiber with a sub-micron focus spot size to the input waveguide [24]. This introduces stringent alignment tolerances, which are not practical for routine measurements or device packaging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Biophotonics with CYTOP

Leósson

Agnarsson

2012

Micromachines

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Abstract:We describe how the amorphous fluoropolymer CYTOP can be advantageously used as a waveguide cladding material in integrated optical circuits suitable for applications in integrated biophotonics. The unique refractive index of CYTOP (n = 1.34) enables the cladding material to be well index-matched to an optically probed sample solution. Furthermore, ultra-high index contrast waveguides can be fabricated, using conventional optical polymers as waveguide core materials, offering a route to large-scale integration of optical functions on a single chip. We discuss applications of this platform to evanescent-wave excitation fluorescence microscopy, passive and/or thermo-electrically-controlled on-chip light manipulation, on-chip light generation, and direct integration with microfluidic circuits through low-temperature bonding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Biophotonics with CYTOP

Leósson

Agnarsson

2012

Micromachines

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“…Additionally, most analytes are aqueous with a large optical absorption loss at the lightwave band of 1550 nm, which greatly deteriorates the performance of silicon on insulator based biosensors [19]. The polymer waveguides can work at the lightwave bands of 650 nm or 850 nm [20][21][22] where the aqueous analytes have a very low optical absorption loss [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design of 850 nm 2×2 multimode interference polymer waveguide coupler by imprint technique

Shao

Han

et al. 2016

Photonic Sens

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A 2×2 optical waveguide coupler at 850 nm based on the multimode interference (MMI) structure with the polysilsesquioxanes liquid series (PSQ-Ls) polymer material and the imprint technique is presented. The influence of the structural parameters, such as the single mode condition, the waveguide spacing of input/output ports, and the width and length of the multimode waveguide, on the optical splitting performance including the excess loss and the uniformity is simulated by the beam propagation method. By inserting a taper section of isosceles trapezoid between the single mode and multimode waveguides, the optimized structural parameters for low excess loss and high uniformity are obtained with the excess loss of -0.040 dB and the uniformity of -0.007 dB. The effect of the structure deviations induced during the imprint process on the optical splitting performance at different residual layer thicknesses is also investigated. The analysis results provide useful instructions for the waveguide device fabrication.

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“…However, the cost of waveguide components produced by these methods is relatively high and thus not suitable for low-cost application to FTTH systems. 3 Therefore imprinting technology has become more popular and is considered a better patterning technology to fabricate polymeric waveguide devices because it is much simpler and easier to replicate than the semiconductor process technology. It produces planar components with polymer materials by duplicating a pattern formed on a mask.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and fabrication of an imprinted wavelength-independent coupler

Jang

2012

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. An imprinted polymeric wavelength-independent coupler (WINC), which is one of the core components used in optical fiber communications and fiber-to-the-home systems, was designed with a beam propagation method. Its designed structure has the form of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The polymer core size of the WINC was optimized at 8 × 8 μm using an imprinting technique, the hot embossing process. Optical properties of the polymeric WINC were evaluated by measuring its insertion loss and transmission spectrum. The insertion loss values for channels 1 and 2 were 3.5 and 4.2 dB, respectively, and the transmission spectrum was flat over a range of 1260 to 1640 nm. IntroductionMultimedia data, such as that used for voice, text, images, and video, has become essential in our information-oriented society. Recently, the increased demand for these data has called for broadband convergence networks. To construct a high-speed information network, optical communication technology advances into the Tbps domain after the 2010s. This increased demand for high-speed information and communication networks require massive transmission capabilities and super-high-speed switching technologies for optical communications. Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) systems are gaining strength all over the world and used for an access network for massive multimedia service.1 To use FTTH more efficiently, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) method is required, which transmits different wavelengths at constant intervals. Therefore, the FTTH system needs not only optical fibers for data transmission but also photonic components for data distribution, switching, and routing between optical network terminals (ONT).The photonic components can be generally divided into optical fiber components and planar waveguide components. The optical fiber components have to fuse optical fibers, so relatively large ones are too hard to integrate. So it has limited functions and other demerits. On the contrary, planar waveguide components not requiring the fusion process can carry out multiple functions, such as switching, routing, mux/demux, splitting, and filtering. Moreover, they can perform more than one function because they are easy to integrate with each other.

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High index contrast polymer waveguide platform for integrated biophotonics

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Integrated Biophotonics with CYTOP

Integrated Biophotonics with CYTOP

Optimal design of 850 nm 2×2 multimode interference polymer waveguide coupler by imprint technique

Design and fabrication of an imprinted wavelength-independent coupler

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