High Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Absence of Increased Influenza-like-Illness Epidemic Activity in the 2021–2022 Influenza Season in Catalonia (Spain) Based on Surveillance Data Collected by Sentinel Pharmacies

Abstract

Influenza surveillance and influenza vaccination are the key activities for preventing and controlling influenza epidemics. The study assessed the influenza surveillance and influenza vaccination data obtained from sentinel pharmacies of Catalonia, Spain, in the 2021–2022 influenza season. The sentinel pharmacies were selected from all community pharmacies to report all influenza-like illness (ILI) cases detected during the 2021–2022 influenza season and collect influenza surveillance and influenza vaccination data. The ILI cases were identified based on European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) criteria. The moving epidemic method (MEM) was used to assess the ILI epidemic activity. The screening method was used to assess influenza vaccination effectiveness in patients aged 65-or-more years old. The sentinel pharmacies reported 212 ILI cases with a negative COVID-19 test and a total number of 412 ILI cases. An absence of increased ILI epidemic activity was observed in the 2021–2022 influenza season based on two criteria: (1) Number of ILI cases reported per week in the 2021–2022 influenza season significantly lower than the MEM-based epidemic threshold. (2) Mean number of ILI cases reported per week in the 2021–2022 influenza season significantly lower than during the ILI/influenza epidemic periods detected from 2017 to 2020 using the same methodology. Influenza vaccination was effective in preventing ILI among patients aged 65-or-more-years old. The absence of the influenza epidemic during the 2021–2022 influenza season could be explained by influenza vaccination and COVID-19 prevention measures (wearing face masks, social distancing). The sentinel pharmacies provided influenza surveillance data not provided by traditional influenza surveillance systems.

The Role of Pharmacists in Counteracting Vaccine Hesitancy: Effectiveness of the 2019 Carnia Project in Improving Adherence to Influenza Vaccination among Target Population

“…With this in mind, countries have explored different ways of involving pharmacists in their campaigns. For example, in Catalonia, Spain, the introduction in 2017 of a new influenza surveillance system made it possible to achieve high levels of anti-flu vaccination coverage through the involvement of a network of sentinel community pharmacies that not only carried out vaccination education and promotion activities but provided important epidemiological surveillance data [ 13 ]. In Ireland, where pharmacists have been shown to be the healthcare professionals most in contact with the public, the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland (PSI) has developed a modular training system to equip pharmacists with the skills and knowledge needed to safely administer drugs and vaccines [ 11 ].…”