High Intake of Dietary Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated With Lower Blood Pressure in Children Born With Low Birth Weight

Skilton, Michael R.; Raitakari, Olli T.; Celermajer, David S.

doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.01030

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Large population studies seem to confirm a significant inverse correlation between low birth weight and blood pressure in people of all ages. [27][28][29] However, the fact that this association has been reported to be of little magnitude (an increase of 1-4 mm Hg) could explain the nonsignificant results of the present study and other previous reports with relatively low sample sizes. 12,30 Regarding vascular wall thickness, there is no data from large population studies, but recent cohort studies have reported normal 31 or increased IMT 32 in adolescents and young adults with FGR.…”

contrasting

confidence: 51%

“…Although most studies agree that blood pressure and IMT are consistently increased in neonates and children with FGR, 3,26,27 literature on vascular structure and function in FGR adolescents and young adults is controversial. Large population studies seem to confirm a significant inverse correlation between low birth weight and blood pressure in people of all ages.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Persistence of Cardiac Remodeling in Preadolescents With Fetal Growth Restriction

Sarvari

Rodríguez-López

Nuñez‐Garcia

et al. 2017

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Background— Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 5% to 10% of newborns and is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. We evaluated whether prenatal cardiovascular changes previously demonstrated in FGR persist into preadolescence. Methods and Results— A cohort study of 58 FGR (defined as birth weight below 10th centile) and 94 normally grown fetuses identified in utero and followed-up into preadolescence (8–12 years of age) by echocardiography and 3-dimensional shape computational analysis. Compared with controls, FGR preadolescents had a different cardiac shape, with more spherical and smaller hearts. Left ventricular ejection fraction was similar among groups, whereas FGR had decreased longitudinal motion (decreased mitral annular systolic peak velocities: control median, 0.11 m/s [interquartile range, 0.09–0.12] versus FGR median 0.09 m/s [interquartile range, 0.09–0.10]; P <0.01) and impaired relaxation (isovolumic relaxation time: control, 0.21 ms [interquartile range, 0.12–0.35] versus FGR, 0.35 ms [interquartile range, 0.20–0.46]; P =0.04). Global longitudinal strain was decreased (control mean, −22.4% [SD, 1.37] versus FGR mean, −21.5% [SD, 1.16]; P <0.001) compensated by an increased circumferential strain and with a higher prevalence of postsystolic shortening in FGR as compared with controls. These differences persisted after adjustment for parental ethnicity and smoking, prenatal glucocorticoid administration, preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, days in intensive care unit, sex, age, and body surface area at evaluation. Conclusions— This study provides evidence that cardiac remodeling induced by FGR persists until preadolescence with findings similar to those reported in their prenatal life and childhood. The findings support the hypothesis of primary cardiac programming in FGR for explaining the association between low birth weight and cardiovascular risk in adulthood.

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confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Cardiac Remodeling in Preadolescents With Fetal Growth Restriction

Sarvari

Rodríguez-López

Nuñez‐Garcia

et al. 2017

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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“…The effects of functional foods for CAD risk reduction in a meta-analysis showed that these foods are protective against CAD [34].In another systematic review of studies, which included the results from 14 human studies (7 prospective, 3 cross-sectional, 1 controlled, 3 case-control) and 13 animal studies, found that dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio can influence brain composition [35], Alzheimer's disease pathology, and behavior (as according to animal studies), and revealed an association between the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, cognitive decline, and incidence of dementia. This review supports growing evidence of a positive association high intake of dietary long-chain ω-3 fatty acids was associated with lower blood pressure in children born with low birth weight [36].…”

Section: Clinical Evidence On Diet and Ncdssupporting

confidence: 82%

The Thailand Declaration of the International College of Nutrition; Can Functional Foods and Functional Crops Decrease the Risk of Chronic Diseases and Provide Wellness?

Phomkong

Onsaard

Bansiddhi

et al. 2017

Preprint

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There is evidence that optimal nutrition is fundamental to human health and in the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in adult life. The identification, production and consumption of functional foods worldwide can increase health benefits for all who can access and afford such foods subject to advice from nutritionists. Recent meetings organized by the health agencies, give a crucial opportunity to make nutrition, a central part of the post-2015 sustainable human and agricultural development agenda. The aim of discussions in these meetings was to provide functional crops and foods to achieve optimal health by prevention of NCDs. It is possible that these efforts might ensure that the goals and targets set in the agenda are adequate to address the many challenges of global undernutrition as well as obesity which are major risk factors of NCDs. In many developing and middle income countries, food security provided by the governments, in one sense understandably, gave least consideration to functional foods supply and the prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome, resulting in to emergence of NCDs. The Thailand Declaration reiterates that commitments to eradicate hunger and undernutrition as well as over-nutrition, and to increase investments in effective interventions; designers foods and designers crops. However, in planning coherent policies, our past experience on rapidly absorbed, energy-rich processed foods should be taken in to account while developing sustainable food systems. The food industry should be educated to exploit the expertise of food scientists and health professionals in designing functional foods taking cognizance of manufacturing and processing. Similarly, agriculture scientists may be actively involved in educating farmers so as to grow cash crops providing functional foods. The aim should be to achieve an increase in the availability of functional foods to an extent, or by a policy, by which such foods are available to poors, at affordable cost to prevent hunger and undernutrition and related diseases as well as NCDs. In addition our efforts might help in developing an international consensus on how to approach the development of new designer foods by farmers and food industry to produce low glycemic index foods. Such efforts may establish an international framework for the prevention of NCDs, so that human susceptibility to these diseases is substantially diminished.

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“…Data from the generation R study suggest that macronutrient intake is not consistently associated to BP in childhood. On the contrary, the NHANES survey showed a protective effect of high dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on SBP only among those children with low birth weight (37). This discordance may be explained by differences in the study populations and the type of nutritional questionnaires used in the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of breastfeeding and postnatal nutrition on cardiovascular remodeling induced by fetal growth restriction

et al. 2015

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ArticlesBackground: Our aim was to determine the influence of breastfeeding and postnatal nutrition on cardiovascular remodeling induced by fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: A cohort study including 81 children with birthweight <10th centile (FGR) and 121 with adequate fetal growth for gestational age (AGA) was conducted. Cardiovascular endpoints were left ventricular sphericity index (LVSI), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and blood pressure (BP) at 4-5 y of age. The combined effect of FGR and postnatal variablesincluding breastfeeding, fat dietary intake, and BMI-on cardiovascular endpoints was assessed by linear and robust regressions. results: FGR was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular remodeling in childhood, leading to lower LVSI and increased cIMT and BP as compared with AGA. Breastfeeding >6 mo (coefficient: 0.0982) and healthy-fat dietary intake (coefficient: −0.0128) showed an independent beneficial effect on LVSI and cIMT, respectively. Overweight/obesity induced an additional increment of 1 SD on cIMT in FGR children (interaction coefficient: 0.0307) when compared with its effect in AGA. BMI increased systolic BP (coefficient: 0.7830) while weight catchup increased diastolic BP (coefficient: 4.8929). conclusions: Postnatal nutrition ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling induced by FGR. Breastfeeding and healthy-fat dietary intake improved while increased BMI worsened cardiovascular endpoints, which opens opportunities for targeted postnatal interventions from early life. t here is consistent epidemiological evidence that low birth weight is inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality in adulthood (1,2). The most common cause of low birth weight is fetal growth restriction (FGR) due to placental insufficiency (3). FGR fetuses present cardiovascular remodeling already in utero that persist into childhood (4,5). This effect is thought to contribute to their subsequent long-term cardiovascular risk (6). One of the most prominent signs of cardiac remodeling associated with FGR in fetal life and childhood is a more spherical heart measured by lower values on left ventricular sphericity index (LVSI) (5). Likewise, children who suffered FGR have signs of vascular dysfunction, including increased blood pressure (BP) (7) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (5) which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.Nutrition and body weight have a strong effect on cardiovascular development during childhood (8). Therefore, the effects of intrauterine environment on cardiovascular remodeling should be influenced by postnatal factors. Epidemiological studies suggest that obesity in childhood or accelerated postnatal growth could worsen the cardiovascular risk associated with impaired intrauterine growth. Moreover, high dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been associated with lower cIMT values in children with FGR (9). However, the deleterious or protective effects of nutrition and body weight on cardiovascular remodeling have not been evaluated longitudinally in a ...

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High Intake of Dietary Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated With Lower Blood Pressure in Children Born With Low Birth Weight

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Persistence of Cardiac Remodeling in Preadolescents With Fetal Growth Restriction

Persistence of Cardiac Remodeling in Preadolescents With Fetal Growth Restriction

The Thailand Declaration of the International College of Nutrition; Can Functional Foods and Functional Crops Decrease the Risk of Chronic Diseases and Provide Wellness?

Influence of breastfeeding and postnatal nutrition on cardiovascular remodeling induced by fetal growth restriction

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