High intensity interval training promotes total and visceral fat mass loss in obese Zucker rats without modulating gut microbiota

Maillard, Florie; Vazeille, Emilie; Sauvanet, Pierre; Sirvent, Pascal; Combaret, Lydie; Sourdrille, Antoine; Chavanelle, Vivien; Bonnet, Richard; Otero, Yolanda F.; Delcros, Geoffrey; Barnich, Nicolas

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214660

Cited by 31 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Therefore, such increase in claudin-2 could be partially responsible for these gastrointestinal symptoms. Zonula occludens-1 was also upregulated after performing the final additional exhaustion test, in agreement with other authors 39,40,42 , while zonula occludens-2 was downregulated. Despite all these changes in TJ proteins' gene expression, we did not observe a marked effect of exercise on intestinal permeability assessed by a1AT concentration in GW, but only a trend of increasing permeability after performing the additional final exhaustion test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Ruiz-Iglesias

Estruel-Amades

Camps-Bossacoma

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Exhausting exercise can disturb immune and gastrointestinal functions. Nevertheless, the impact of it on mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue has not been studied in depth. Here, we aim to establish the effects of an intensive training and exhausting exercise on the mucosal immunity of rats and to approach the mechanisms involved. Rats were submitted to a high-intensity training consisting of running in a treadmill 5 days per week for 5 weeks, involving 2 weekly exhaustion tests. At the end, samples were obtained before (T), immediately after (TE) and 24 h after (TE24) an additional final exhaustion test. The training programme reduced the salivary production of immunoglobulin A, impaired the tight junction proteins’ gene expression and modified the mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte composition and function, increasing the ratio between Tαβ+ and B lymphocytes, reducing their proliferation capacity and enhancing their interferon-γ secretion. As a consequence of the final exhaustion test, the caecal IgA content increased, while it impaired the gut zonula occludens expression and enhanced the interleukin-2 and interferon-γ secretion. Our results indicate that intensive training for 5 weeks followed or not by an additional exhaustion disrupts the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue and the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Ruiz-Iglesias

Estruel-Amades

Camps-Bossacoma

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Wang et al (2017) showed that of mice fed a HFD, the HIIT group had a lower body fat percentage than the MICT group. Similarly, it has been shown that HIIT could significantly reduce the abdominal and epididymal fat mass in Zucker rats (a genetic model of obesity) and HFD-fed SD rats, when compared to MICT (Kapravelou et al, 2015;Shen et al, 2015;Maillard et al, 2019). The present results showed similar results to some previous studies.…”

Section: Hiit Has Similar Body Mass Controlling Effects and Better VImentioning

confidence: 96%

Post-exercise Effects and Long-Term Training Adaptations of Hormone Sensitive Lipase Lipolysis Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training in Adipose Tissue of Mice

et al. 2020

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Although studies have proven that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) shows a comparable effect to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on reducing body fat, especially visceral fat, the mechanism is still unclear. Since MICT consumes more fat during exercise, the mechanism of HIIT weight loss may be related to post-exercise effects, long-term adaptive changes, and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). The objective of this study was to compare the post-effects of acute exercise, long-term adaptive changes on HSL activity, and catecholamine-induced lipolysis between HIIT and MICT. Following a 14-week high-fat diet (HFD), obese female C57Bl/6 mice were divided into acute exercise groups (one time training, sacrificed at rest and 0, 1, and 12 h after exercise, n = 49), -L groups (12-week long-term training, 12-h fasting, n = 21), and -C groups (12-week training, primary adipocytes were isolated and stimulated by catecholamine in vitro, n = 18). MICT or HIIT treadmill protocols (running distance matched) were carried out during training. Comparison of acute exercise effects by two-way ANOVA showed no time × group interaction effect, however, a significant increase in HSL-Ser563 (at 0 and 1 h) and Ser660 phosphorylation (at 0, 1, and 12 h) in inguinal (subcutaneous) fat was only observed in HIIT mice (p < 0.05 vs. rest), but not in MICT mice. The periuterine (visceral) fat HSL expression and phosphorylation of HIIT mice was similar to or lower than MICT mice. After long-term training, 12-h fasting significantly increased periuterine fat Ser563 phosphorylation in HIIT mice (p < 0.05), but there was no change in MICT mice. Under stimulation of catecholamine in vitro, isolated primary adipocytes from periuterine fat of long-term HIIT mice showed a higher Ser563 increase than that found in MICT mice (p < 0.05). The quantity of triglyceride (TG) lipid bonds (representing lipolysis level) was significantly lower after HIIT than MICT (p < 0.05). The results indicate that (1) acute HIIT can induce an increase of HSL phosphorylation in subcutaneous fat lasting at least 12 h, implying longer post-exercise lipolysis than MICT and (2) long-time HIIT has a better effect on improving catecholamine resistance of visceral adipocytes caused by a HFD, which allows fat to be mobilized more easily when stimulated.

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“…Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplant from exercised mice to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in improved metabolic parameters, suggesting that that µB can confer, at least in part, the benefits of exercise [140]. However, a more recent study found that high- or medium-intensity training had no effect on the µB of obese Zucker rats [141]. In humans, studies on professional rugby players found that their µBs were more diverse than sedentary controls and produced more short-chain fatty acids, though these changes were also associated with dietary differences [142,143].…”

Section: Effects Of Exercise On the Endocannabinoidomementioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome

2019

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Lifestyle is a well-known environmental factor that plays a major role in facilitating the development of metabolic syndrome or eventually exacerbating its consequences. Various lifestyle factors, especially changes in dietary habits, extreme temperatures, unusual light–dark cycles, substance abuse, and other stressful factors, are also established modifiers of the endocannabinoid system and its extended version, the endocannabinoidome. The endocannabinoidome is a complex lipid signaling system composed of a plethora (>100) of fatty acid-derived mediators and their receptors and anabolic and catabolic enzymes (>50 proteins) which are deeply involved in the control of energy metabolism and its pathological deviations. A strong link between the endocannabinoidome and another major player in metabolism and dysmetabolism, the gut microbiome, is also emerging. Here, we review several examples of how lifestyle modifications (westernized diets, lack or presence of certain nutritional factors, physical exercise, and the use of cannabis) can modulate the propensity to develop metabolic syndrome by modifying the crosstalk between the endocannabinoidome and the gut microbiome and, hence, how lifestyle interventions can provide new therapies against cardiometabolic risk by ensuring correct functioning of both these systems.

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High intensity interval training promotes total and visceral fat mass loss in obese Zucker rats without modulating gut microbiota

Cited by 31 publications

References 70 publications

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Alterations in the mucosal immune system by a chronic exhausting exercise in Wistar rats

Post-exercise Effects and Long-Term Training Adaptations of Hormone Sensitive Lipase Lipolysis Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training in Adipose Tissue of Mice

Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome

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