High-level tannase production by Penicillium atramentosum KM using agro residues under submerged fermentation

Abstract

A tannase-yielding fungal strain identified as Penicillium atramentosum KM was isolated from tannery effluent collected from a small-scale tannery. The fungal strain produced extracellular tannase under submerged fermentation (SmF) using amla (Phyllanthus emblica), ber (Zyzyphus mauritiana), jamoa (Eugenia cuspidate), jamun (Syzygium cumini) and keekar (Acacia nilotica) powdered leaves. Among the different substrates, amla and keekar leaves resulted in maximal extracellular production of tannase. Various process parameters were studied to optimize the extracellular yield of tannase under SmF. Maximum yield of tannase i.e., 32.8 and 34.7 U/ml was obtained with amla leaves (2% w/v) and keekar leaves (3% w/v), respectively, in selective mineral salt and production media, inoculated with 3 x 10 6 spores/ml cell suspension by incubating at 30°C for 72 h. The production of enzyme was induced strongly by the presence of maltose (0.2% w/v) as carbon source. Crude enzyme was optimally active at pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 using amla and keekar leaves, respectively. The fungal strain produced yields of tannase about twice as high as the highest reported yield of tannase. Our findings suggest that agro residues in the form of amla and keekar leaves can be one of the best and most cost effective alternatives to the costly pure tannic acid for industrial production of microbial tannase. The novelty in the present investigation is that is that P. atramentosum KM is the first fungal isolate found to produce tannase at high pH (i.e. 7.5) using keekar leaves.

Production, Characterization and Application of a Thermostable Tannase from Pestalotiopsis guepinii URM 7114

“…The three-dimensional plot shows the infl uence of incubation temperature and pH on tannase production 4.5 and 6.0 for tannase production by Paecilomyces variotii. Selwal and Selwal (38) studied Penicillium atramentosum tannase and found that the enzyme exhibits optimal activity at pH=7.5.…”

Diversity of Filamentous Fungi of Area from Brazilian Caatinga and High-Level Tannase Production Using Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i> L.) and Surinam Cherry (<i>Eugenia uniflora</i> L.) Leaves under SSF

“…In 2012, Selwal & Selwal [7] evaluated tannase production by a strain of P. atramentosum from tannery effluents in SSF using amla, jujube, jambul, Syzygium sp., and kikar leaves. The authors observed maximum tan-nase yields of 170.75 and 165.56 U/g dry tissue from jambul and kikar leaves, respectively, incubated at 28˚C for 96 h. The form of showed of the results of this study are different from literature, as presented in U/mL, numerically lower results are to be compared with these data.…”

“…For example, many agro-industrial wastes are commonly discarded into the environment untreated [11]. In this context, solid-state fermentation (SSF) by fungi presents an excellent alternative for producing tannase while simultaneously reducing waste [7]. Because filamentous fungi grow in nature in solid substrates, such as wood, roots, stems, and leaves of plants, in the absence of free water [12].…”

Production of glucose oxidase and catalase by Aspergillus niger free and immobilized in alginate-polyvinyl alcohol beads

“…The enzyme production by fungi is commonly performed by solid-state fermentation, submerged fermentation or surface-adhesion fermentation (MacCabe et al, 2002;Elisashvili et al, 2008;Correa et al, 2012;Selwal and Selwal, 2012). However, biotechnological processes with immobilized growing fungi cells, including those for extracellular enzyme production, seem to be more favorable than traditional fermentation methods since immobilization enables repetitive and continuous use of the microbial cells (Correa et al, 2012).…”