High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

Feurer, Carole; Roux, Alain; Rossel, Rolando Céspedes; Barnaud, Elodie; Dumarest, Marine; Garry, Pascal; Pavio, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.10.013

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This result is also in agreement with reports from a variety of European countries, as the seroprevalence described in farmed pigs ranged from 30 to 98% (Salines et al, 2017). Besides, in swine abattoirs, results are similar as for example a 59% (55.5-61.4%) of HEV seroprevalence was recently found in France (Feurer et al, 2018). Interestingly, in our study, a total of seven animals resulted negative for HEV detection by both ELISA and RT-qPCR tests, which indicates that only a maximum of 15.56% (95% CI: 7.75-28.7) was not previously in contact or infected by HEV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

et al. 2020

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Zoonotic hepatitis E, mainly caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3, is a foodborne disease that has emerged in Europe in recent decades. The main animal reservoir for genotype 3 is domestic pigs. Pig liver and liver derivates are considered the major risk products, and studies focused on the presence of HEV in pig muscles are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in different organs and tissues of 45 apparently healthy pigs from nine Spanish slaughterhouses (50% national production) that could enter into the food supply chain. Anti-HEV antibodies were evaluated in serum by an ELISA test. Ten samples from each animal were analyzed for the presence of HEV RNA by reverse transcription realtime PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence obtained was 73.3% (33/45). From the 450 samples analyzed, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were identified in the liver (7/45), feces (6/45), kidney (5/45), heart (4/45), serum (3/45), and diaphragm (1/45). This is the first report on detection of HEV RNA in kidney and heart samples of naturally infected pigs. HEV RNA detection was negative for rib, bacon, lean ham, and loin samples. These findings indicate that pig meat could be considered as a low risk material for foodborne HEV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

et al. 2020

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“…Regarding HEV prevalence, our data were dated (2009) and HEV prevalence is likely to vary over time. However, a more recent study also conducted in France reported similar prevalence figures (59% seroprevalence in Feurer et al (2017) vs 65% in Rose et al (2011)). Aggregating movement data on a yearly basis also appeared to be relevant due to the absence of seasonality in the French pig network Salines et al, 2017b) and provided indicators representing the overall activity of farms over a year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Salines

Andraud

Rose

2018

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Animal movements between farms are a major route of pathogen spread in the pig production sector. This study aimed to pair network analysis and epidemiological data in order to evaluate the impact of animal movements on pathogen prevalence in farms and assess the risk of local areas being exposed to diseases due to incoming movements. Our methodology was applied to hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging foodborne zoonotic agent of concern that is highly prevalent in pig farms. Firstly, the pig movement network in France (data recorded in 2013) and the results of a nation-wide seroprevalence study (data collected in 178 farms in 2009) were modelled and analysed. The link between network centrality measures of farms and HEV seroprevalence levels was explored using a generalised linear model. The in-degree and ingoing closeness of farms were found to be statistically associated with high HEV within-farm seroprevalence (p<0.05). Secondly, the risk of a French département (i.e. French local administrative areas) being exposed to HEV was calculated by combining the distribution of farm-level HEV prevalence in source départements with the number of movements coming from those same départements. By doing so, the risk of exposure for départements was mapped, highlighting differences between geographical patterns of HEV prevalence and the risk of exposure to HEV. These results suggest that not only highly prevalent areas but also those having at-risk movements from infected areas should be monitored. Pathogen management and surveillance options in the pig production sector should therefore take animal movements into consideration, paving the way for the development of targeted and risk-based disease surveillance strategies.

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“…The seroprevalence in some regions of Belgium was estimated around 15% [9]. Several studies in Europe have found up to 90% HEV-seropositive pigs on farms and HEV RNA was detected in up to 45% of pigs at slaughterhouses [10-13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and genotype 3 subtype dynamics of hepatitis E virus in Belgium, 2010 to 2017

et al. 2019

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BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging public health concern in high-income countries and can cause acute and chronic hepatitis. Reported numbers of indigenously acquired HEV infection have increased in the past decade in many European countries. Since 2010, the National Reference Centre (NRC) for Hepatitis Viruses has been testing samples of suspected hepatitis E cases in Belgium.AimIn this surveillance report, we present the epidemiological trends of symptomatic HEV infections in Belgium, from the distribution by age, sex and geography to the molecular characterisation of the viral strains.MethodSerum samples of suspected cases sent to the NRC between 2010 and 2017 were analysed for the presence of HEV-specific IgM and RNA. Virus was sequenced for genotyping and phylogenetic analysis in all samples containing sufficient viral RNA.ResultsThe NRC reported an increase in the number of samples from suspected cases (from 309 to 2,663 per year) and in the number of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis E cases (from 25 to 117 per year). Among 217 sequenced samples, 92.6% were genotype 3 (HEV-3), followed by 6.5% of genotype 1 and 0.9% of genotype 4. HEV-3 subtype viruses were mainly 3f, 3c and 3e. HEV-3f was the most common subtype until 2015, while HEV-3c became the most common subtype in 2016 and 2017.ConclusionThe increasing trend of HEV diagnoses in Belgium may be largely explained by increased awareness and testing.

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High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

Combining network analysis with epidemiological data to inform risk-based surveillance: Application to hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs

Epidemiology and genotype 3 subtype dynamics of hepatitis E virus in Belgium, 2010 to 2017

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