High occurrence of HBV among STD clinic attenders in Bombay, India

Kura, Mahendra M; Hira, Subhash K.; Kohli, Malvika; Dalal, Prathiba J; Ramnani, Vijay Kumar; Jagtap, Mandar

doi:10.1258/0956462981921954

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…About 6.2% of HBsAg seropositive patients presented with vaginal discharge. Kura, et al [41] reported similar high prevalence of HBV infection (8.8%) among STD clinic attendee in Bombay, India. This finding underscores the need to provide HBV vaccine to commercial sex workers and their clients in India.…”

Section: Sero-epidemiology Of Hbsag Among Health Workers In a South-ementioning

confidence: 86%

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

Nwabuko¹

2016

JHVRV

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Hepatitis B virus infection represent a major public health problem responsible for acute and chronic viral infections, HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma. Sub-Saharan Africa is worse hit by HBV infection and its related morbidity and mortality. Despite the burden of HBV in the region, the challenges confronting people living with HBV include making diagnosis and provision of their comparable estimates. This study aimed at analyzing the sero-prevalence of HBsAg among health workers and possible challenges in assessment of HBV prevalence in a resource-limited sub-Saharan African country. Blood samples from 275 consented health workers were tested for HBsAg using third generation ELISA. Data analysis was obtained using SPSS version 20. HBsAg screening was performed on a consecutive sample of 275 respondents (95 males and 180 females with M/F ratio of 1:1.9) aged 18-59 years who voluntarily turned up for the survey. Mean age ± SD was 36.1 ± 9.6 years. The overall prevalence of HBV was 1.5% (4/275). The prevalence in females 3/180 (1.7%) was insignificantly higher than males 1/95 (1.1%) (P>0.05).In relation to age group, the younger age group (< 20 years) has significantly higher prevalence (1/5 (20%) compared to other age groups (P=0.02). Blood transfusion and vaginal discharge (STD) were the highest predisposing factors to HBV infection with ORs of 5.9 and 4.2 respectively. This study, although limited by small sample size, showed a reduced prevalence of HBV among the health workers. The result from this study may not be a true reflection of the prevalence of HBV in south-eastern Nigeria, hence the need to involve larger population size in subsequent study. There is need to institute elaborated serological and virological diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of HBV infection in our health institutions. Also, targeted group health education and national guidelines for hepatitis B prevention and treatment must be provided by the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. These interventions will go a long way to curb the prevalence of HBV infection to the barest minimum.

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Section: Sero-epidemiology Of Hbsag Among Health Workers In a South-ementioning

confidence: 86%

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

Nwabuko¹

2016

JHVRV

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“…India is in the phase of rapidly rising prevalence of HIV with an estimated 4 million cases. Most cases in India are reported from Moombai (Bombay), the largest seaport, Pune (near Moombai), Tamil Nadu, the south coastal province, and Manipur, the province bordered by Myanmar [10][11][12][13] . However, the number of cases varied from none to an increasing figure in other states [14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other districts with higher prevalence of HIV were Mongla, the second largest seaport, and Jessore and Rajshahi, the latter 2 districts being bordered by India at the west and northwest, respectively ( Figure 2). Interestingly, cases of HIV/AIDS largely concentrated along seaports in India (Moombai) 10 , Pakistan (Karachi) 19,20 and Bangladesh (Chittagong).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scientific evidence is now quite conclusive that other STDs increase the risk of contracting HIV. Ulcerative genital diseases, such as syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes were found to be associated with HIV in 31% of cases in Moombai (Bombay), and in 24% of cases in Pune, India 10,11 . A high rate of STD and its inadequate treatment were associated with the risk of HIV in Pakistan 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: a national surveillance

Islam

Mitra

Mian³

et al. 1999

Int J STD AIDS

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Nationwide surveillance of HIV/AIDS from 1989 through 1996 in Bangladesh included several risk groups such as professional blood donors, patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), pregnant women at antenatal clinics, commercial sex workers (CSWs), patients with tuberculosis, long-distance truck drivers, sailors, and non-residents. The population was enrolled by convenience sampling after taking informed consent. Among 70,676 persons tested, 80 (1.13 per 1000) were HIV positive. The prevalence rate was steady until 1994, and then increased rapidly. The rate among male heterosexuals was significantly higher than that in females (3.40 per 1000 versus 0.29 per 1000; odds ratio (OR) 11.60; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 6.45 to 21.16; P<0.0001). Twelve per cent of patients with STDs had HIV. The HIV cases concentrated in 2 districts, Sylhet (25/72) and Chittagong (20/72), that border India and Myanmar (formerly Burma), respectively. Frequent movement of people of Bangladesh to India, Pakistan, Myanmar and Thailand, where HIV rates are higher, is one of the possible sources of spread of the cases. Bangladesh has the potential to avert epidemic spread of HIV at its early stage.

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“…For lower bound, data were used from general population males in northern Karnataka and low-risk males in Vellore, Tamil Nadu (Cowan et al, 2003;ICHAP, 2004ICHAP, /2005National Informatics Centre, 2004). For upper bound, data from STI clinics in Pune and Mumbai, Maharashtra, and a STI clinic attached to a medical college in south India (Jacob et al, 1989;Kura et al, 1998;Reynolds et al, 2003) were used. Data from reviews of prevalences in STI clinics across India were also incorporated (Hawkes and Santhya, 2002;Sharma and Khandpur, 2004 +1.0.…”

Section: Implications For Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modeling of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) Transmission: Issues in Structural Uncertainty

et al. 2009

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The sexually transmitted infection (STI) Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) is of public health concern because it is a very common frequently unrecognized lifelong infection, which may facilitate HIV transmission. Within HIV/STI modeling, structural uncertainty has received less attention than parametric uncertainty. By merging the compartments of a "complex" model, a "simple" HSV-2 model is developed. Sexual interactions between female sex workers (FSWs) and clients are modeled using data from India. Latin Hypercube Sampling selects from parameter distributions and both models are run for each of the 10,000 parameter sets generated. Outputs are compared (except for 2,450 unrealistic simulations). The simple model is a good approximation to the complex model once the HSV-2 epidemic has reached 60% of the equilibrium prevalence (95% of the 7,550 runs produced <10% relative error). The simple model is a reduced version of the complex model that retains details implicitly. For late-stage epidemics, the simple model gives similar prevalence trends to the complex model. As HSV-2 epidemics in many populations are advanced, the simple model is accurate in most instances, although the complex model may be preferable for early epidemics. The analysis highlights the issue of structural uncertainty and the value of reducing complexity.

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High occurrence of HBV among STD clinic attenders in Bombay, India

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

Sero-Epidemiology of HBsAg among Health Workers in a South-eastern Nigerian Health Center: Challenges in Diagnosis

HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh: a national surveillance

Dynamic Modeling of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 (HSV-2) Transmission: Issues in Structural Uncertainty

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