High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects

Abstract

Recently, novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed (canola) oil (HOCO), alone or blended with flaxseed oil (FXCO), on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers v. a typical Western diet (WD). Using a randomised, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36 % energy from fat, of which 70 % was provided by HOCO, FXCO or WD. Dietary fat content of SFA, MUFA, PUFA n-6 and n-3 was 6, 23, 5, 1 % energy for HOCO; 6, 16, 5, 7·5 % energy for FXCO; 11·5, 16, 6, 0·5 % energy for WD. After 28 d, compared with WD, LDL-cholesterol was reduced 15·1 % (P, 0·001) with FXCO and 7·4 % (P,0·001) with HOCO. Total cholesterol (TC) was reduced 11 % (P, 0·001) with FXCO and 3·5 % (P¼ 0·002) with HOCO compared with WD. Endpoint TC differed between FXCO and HOCO (P, 0·05). FXCO consumption reduced HDL-cholesterol by 8·5 % (P,0·001) and LDL:HDL ratio by 7·5 % (P¼ 0·008) v. WD. FXCO significantly decreased E-selectin concentration compared with WD (P¼0·02). No differences were observed in inflammatory markers after the consumption of HOCO compared with WD. In conclusion, consumption of novel HOCO alone or when blended with flaxseed oil is cardioprotective through lipid-lowering effects. The incorporation of flaxseed oil may also target inflammation by reducing plasma E-selectin.

Modulation of plasma N-acylethanolamine levels and physiological parameters by dietary fatty acid composition in humans

“…The remaining meals were packed for takeaway, and empty containers were returned to ensure compliance. Further details of the trial design have been previously described ( 16 ).…”

Fatty Acids as Biocompounds: Their Role in Human Metabolism, Health and Disease - A Review. Part 2: Fatty Acid Physiological Roles and Applications in Human Health and Disease

“…Dietary fat influences fatty acid status and is reflected in fatty acid composition of plasma and adipose tissue [158][159][160] . A number of pathological stages may accompany changes in fatty acid composition due to increased intake of animal fat and decreased intake of vegetable and marine origin oils [161][162][163][164] . This is often expressed as decreased content of PUFA (mainly n-3 PUFA) and increased content of SFA in states such as dyslipidemia, malnutrition, inflammation, oxidative stress, inherited diseases, and other common metabolic abnormalities (metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes).…”

Impact of Supplementation with Flax Seed Powder and Flax Seed Oil on the Lipid levels of Patients with Dyslipidemia

“…A study by Gillingham et al (2011) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of novel high oleic rapeseed (canola) oil (HOCO), alone or blended with flax seed oil (FXCO), on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers over a typical western diet (WD). A total of thirty six hypercholesterolemic subjects were included in the study and asked to consume three isoenergetic diets for 28 days.…”

“…After 28 days compared with WD, LDL cholesterol was reduced 15.1% with FXCO and 7.4% with HOCO group. In conclusion, consumption of novel HOCO alone or blended with flax seed oil is cardioprotective through lipid lowering effects (Gillingham et al, 2011). Kawakami et al (2015) investigated the effect of 12 week supplementation with flax seed oil (FO), which is a rich source of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), on cardiovascular risk factors such as serum small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration.…”