High optoelectronic quality of AZO films grown by RF-magnetron sputtering for organic electronics applications

Silva, Hálice de Oliveira Xavier; Faraco, Thales Alves; Maciel, Indhira O.; Quirino, Welber G.; Fragneaud, Benjamin; Pereira, Paula Gomes; Legnani, Cristiano

doi:10.1088/1361-6641/acd13d

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To the best of our knowledge, this work is the world’s first on TrOLED, and it is suitable for applications such as AR, smart glasses, and MR, with the AZO/Ag/AZO electrode that is capable of maximizing the transparency and flexibility for the wearable device. Furthermore, compared to other studies where the AZO or AZO/Ag/AZO anode is used for OLED, despite being a TrOLED, the characteristics of our device are impressive [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode

Lee,

Song,

Seo

et al. 2024

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free-form factor optoelectronics is becoming more important for various applications. Specifically, flexible and transparent optoelectronics offers the potential to be adopted in wearable devices in displays, solar cells, or biomedical applications. However, current transparent electrodes are limited in conductivity and flexibility. This study aims to address these challenges and explore potential solutions. For the next-generation transparent conductive electrode, Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and silver (AZO/Ag/AZO) deposited by in-line magnetron sputtering without thermal treatment was investigated, and this transparent electrode was used as a transparent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) anode to maximize the transparency characteristics. The experiment and simulation involved adjusting the thickness of Ag and AZO and OLED structure to enhance the transmittance and device performance. The AZO/Ag/AZO with Ag of 12 nm and AZO of 32 nm thickness achieved the results of the highest figure of merit (FOM) (Φ550 = 4.65 mΩ−1) and lowest roughness. The full structure of transparent OLED (TrOLED) with AZO/Ag/AZO anode and Mg:Ag cathode reached 64.84% transmittance at 550 nm, and 300 cd/m2 at about 4 V. The results demonstrate the feasibility of adopting flexible substrates, such as PET, without the need for thermal treatment. This research provides valuable insights into the development of transparent and flexible electronic devices.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode

Lee,

Song,

Seo

et al. 2024

Micromachines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ITO film deposited on the CMC/HA 5 substrate showed an electrical resistivity of 5.0 × 10 −4 Ω/m (sheet resistance of 35 Ω/□), a value very close to that exhibited by the commercial ITO-coated glass substrate. 50 This granular appearance indicates the crystalline nature of the material. During the sputtering deposition of ITO, the material undergoes rearrangement, resulting in the formation of grains in accordance with the crystallinity standards of ITO.…”

Section: Stress−strain Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laponite-Modified Biopolymers as a Conformable Substrate for Optoelectronic Devices

Onishi,

Carvalho,

Bortoletto-Santos

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biopolymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and hyaluronic acid are alternative substrates for conformable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, drawbacks such as mechanical stress susceptibility can hinder the device's performance under stretched conditions. To overcome these limitations, herein, we developed a nanocomposite based on CMC/HA (carboxymethyl cellulose/hyaluronic acid) and synthetic Laponite, intending to improve the mechanical strength without compromising the film flexibility and transparency (transmittance >80%; 380−700 nm) as substrates for conformable OLEDs. From XRD, FTIR, CP-MAS NMR, and TGA/DTG characterization techniques, it was possible to conclude the presence of Laponite randomly dispersed between the polymer chains. CMC/HA with 5% (w/w) Laponite, CMC/HA 5, presented a higher tensile strength (370.6 MPa) and comparable Young's modulus (51.0 ± 1.2 MPa) in comparison to the nanocomposites and pristine films, indicating a better candidate for the device's substrates. To produce the OLED, the multilayer structure ITO/MoO 3 /NPB/TCTA:Ir(ppy) 3 /TPBi:Ir(ppy) 3 /BPhen/LiF was deposited onto the CMC/ HA 5 substrate. The OLEDs fabricated using CMC/HA 5 substrates showed higher luminance (12 kcd/m 2 ) and irradiance (0.9 mW/cm 2 ) values when compared with those based on commercial bacterial cellulose. However, the same device presented a lower efficiency (3.2 cd/A) due to a higher current density. Moreover, the OLED fabricated onto the Laponite-modified biopolymer presented reproducible behavior when submitted to continuous bending stress. Thus, CMC/HA 5 demonstrates potential as a transparent conductor substrate for biopolymer-based OLEDs with comparable performance to commercial bacterial cellulose features.

show abstract

“…In order to improve the film's conductivity, extrinsic dopants such as Al (AZO-Al-doped ZnO) or Ga (GZO-Ga-doped ZnO) are introduced, giving material properties such as transparency and conductivity that are comparable with those of ITO [133]. Silva et al [134] reported an optimized AZO thin film to be used in organic electronics with electrical resistivity of 4.9 × 10 −4 Ω•cm and average transmittance of 92% in the visible region (400-700 nm). An AZO-based test OLED showed electro-optical performance comparable to the ITO-based reference device in terms of the luminance and turn-on voltages.…”

Section: Transparent Conductive Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming Challenges in OLED Technology for Lighting Solutions

Liguori,

Nunziata,

Aprano

et al. 2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In academic research, OLEDs have exhibited rapid evolution thanks to the development of innovative materials, new device architectures, and optimized fabrication methods, achieving high performance in recent years. The numerous advantages that increasingly distinguish them from traditional light sources, such as a large and customizable emission area, color tunability, flexibility, and transparency, have positioned them as a promising candidate for various applications in the lighting market, including the residential, automotive, industrial, and agricultural sectors. However, despite these promising attributes, the widespread industrial production of OLEDs encounters significant challenges. Key considerations center around efficiency and lifetime. In the present review, after introducing the theoretical basis of OLEDs and summarizing the main performance developments in the industrial field, three crucial aspects enabling OLEDs to establish a competitive advantage in terms of performance and versatility are critically discussed: the quality and stability of the emitted light, with a specific focus on white light and its tunability; the transparency of both electrodes for the development of fully transparent and integrable devices; and the uniformity of emission over a large area.

show abstract

High optoelectronic quality of AZO films grown by RF-magnetron sputtering for organic electronics applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode

Highly Transparent Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with AZO/Ag/AZO Multilayer Electrode

Laponite-Modified Biopolymers as a Conformable Substrate for Optoelectronic Devices

Overcoming Challenges in OLED Technology for Lighting Solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About