High parasite diversity in the amphipod<i>Gammarus lacustris</i>in a subarctic lake

Shaw, Jenny C.; Henriksen, Eirik Haugstvedt; Knudsen, Rune; Kuhn, Jesper A.; Kuris, Armand M.; Lafferty, Kevin D.; Siwertsson, Anna; Soldánová, Miroslava; Amundsen, Per‐Arne

doi:10.1002/ece3.6869

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…In southwestern Nova Scotia, emerging brook trout fry (as a cohort) acquired parasites within the first month post-emergence either through: 1) free swimming infective copepodids of S. edwardsii (see White et al 2020); 2) adult G. colemanensis transferring directly between fish (see Cusack 1988, 1989); or 3) food-borne infective stages of E. lateralis (cystacanths) and Crepidostomum sp. (metacercariae) using amphipod/mayfly larva as intermediate hosts (Baggs and Cowan 1989, Caira 1989, Shaw et al 2020. This early acquisition of parasites should be expected given that fry live sympatrically with older cohorts in these streams and are essentially proximal to parasites cycling through older cohorts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first month post-emergence in streams in southwest Nova Scotia

LeBlanc¹,

MacMillan²,

Marcogliese³

et al. 2021

Proc NSIS

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Parasite recruitment of recently emerged fry of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in three streams in southwestern Nova Scotia was documented. In early April, fry appeared to leave the protective gravel redds parasite free but began acquiring parasites within the next 2-4 weeks, with prevalence of infections of any given species reaching 21 to 46% by mid-May. The initial infections involved 1) directly transmitted ectoparasites Gyrodactylus colemanensis and Salmincola edwardsii and 2) food-borne endoparasites (Echinorhynchus lateralis and Crepidostomum sp.). Colonizing parasites found in the first month post-emergence varied by locality: at Bangor Creek, it involved G. colemanensis, E. lateralis, and Crepidostomum sp., while at Germaine East, it involved only G. colemanensis and at Germaine North, only S. edwardsii. In each case, the initial colonizers reflected what was abundant locally and within a regional pool of 10 parasite species. Localized skin thickening and sometimes tissue erosion were evident at sites of attachment of S. edwardsii. Minor disruption of fin margins was seen with G. colemanensis. No pathology was associated with E. lateralis nor Crepidostomum sp. The predictable timing of emergence and ease of sampling fry of S. fontinalis near redds represents a convenient system with which to assess impact of initial parasitism on fish recruitment at the local level. Keywords: Echinorhynchus, Gyrodactylus, initial parasite colonization, regional parasite pool, Salmincola

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first month post-emergence in streams in southwest Nova Scotia

LeBlanc¹,

MacMillan²,

Marcogliese³

et al. 2021

Proc NSIS

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“…An initial screening of parasite species present in the benthic web was obtained from continued annual parasite sampling through the long-term studies of the fish populations with occasional observations of parasites present in other organisms up to 2010 (Amundsen et al 1997 ; Knudsen et al 2001 ; Klemetsen and Knudsen 2013 ; Thieltges et al 2013 ; Kuhn et al 2016b ; Henriksen et al 2019 ; Prati et al 2020b ). However, the majority of information on parasites in the lake originates from 2012 to 2015 (with some additional sampling up to 2018), when the benthic invertebrate community, including arthropods, annelids, and mollusks, was more extensively sampled and screened for parasites (see Soldánová et al 2017 ; Shaw et al 2020 ). Helminths and other macroparasites have been thoroughly explored in our parasite surveys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying the pelagic food web, Amundsen et al ( 2009 ) addressed how parasites affected food-web structure and complexity, and Amundsen et al ( 2013 ) examined how two fish introductions affected pelagic food-web topology and increased parasite diversity. Since those studies, additional work in the system has shown that the benthic compartment has a distinct set of free-living and parasitic taxa from the pelagic web (e.g., Kuhn et al 2015 ; Frainer et al 2016 ; Soldánová et al 2017 ; Shaw et al 2020 ; Prati et al 2021 ). Here, we contrast key food-web metrics in each of Takvatn’s distinct compartments as well as the whole Takvatn system to understand how parasites affect food-web topology in a subarctic lake and to compare the pelagic and benthic food webs’ topology when including parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites alter food-web topology of a subarctic lake food web and its pelagic and benthic compartments

Moore,

Siwertsson,

Lafferty

et al. 2024

Oecologia

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We compared three sets of highly resolved food webs with and without parasites for a subarctic lake system corresponding to its pelagic and benthic compartments and the whole-lake food web. Key topological food-web metrics were calculated for each set of compartments to explore the role parasites play in food-web topology in these highly contrasting webs. After controlling for effects from differences in web size, we observed similar responses to the addition of parasites in both the pelagic and benthic compartments demonstrated by increases in trophic levels, linkage density, connectance, generality, and vulnerability despite the contrasting composition of free-living and parasitic species between the two compartments. Similar effects on food-web topology can be expected with the inclusion of parasites, regardless of the physical characteristics and taxonomic community compositions of contrasting environments. Additionally, similar increases in key topological metrics were found in the whole-lake food web that combines the pelagic and benthic webs, effects that are comparable to parasite food-web analyses from other systems. These changes in topological metrics are a result of the unique properties of parasites as infectious agents and the links they participate in. Trematodes were key contributors to these results, as these parasites have distinct characteristics in aquatic systems that introduce new link types and increase the food web’s generality and vulnerability disproportionate to other parasites. Our analysis highlights the importance of incorporating parasites, especially trophically transmitted parasites, into food webs as they significantly alter key topological metrics and are thus essential for understanding an ecosystem’s structure and functioning.

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“…They act as detritivores, shredders, suspension feeders, scavengers, parasites or predators (Kaestner 1967, MacNeil et al 1997, Ruffo et al 1998) -and constitute an important food source for fish. Some species are intermediate hosts to acanthocephalan parasites (Westram et al 2011, Shaw et al 2020, some are hosts to ciliates (Gudmundsdóttir et al 2018) or temnocephalid flatworms (Matjašič 1990), while several species live in associations with other animals, such as other crustaceans, bryozoans, mollusks, or cnidarians (Lörz et al 2014, Vader & Myers 1993, Vader & Tandberg 2013, 2020. Because of the absence of dispersal larvae (Myers & Lowry 2009), many species are narrow endemics (Trontelj et al 2009, Bregović et al 2019, Esmaeili-Rineh et al 2020) and an important part of natural heritage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist of amphipod crustaceans (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in Slovenia

Fišer,

Mavrič,

Govedič

et al. 2021

Nat Slov

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Amphipods are among the most species-rich orders of peracarid crustaceans, inhabiting marine and fresh waters, including subterranean waters, as well as semi-terrestrial environments. Data on amphipods from Slovenia are scattered among published and unpublished references. We gathered all available data on amphipods in the country, using published and unpublished records from two databases, supplemented by additional published information and unpublished records from two collections of two institutions. All data were critically evaluated and species names updated to the latest taxonomically valid name. In total, we listed 198 species, belonging to 85 genera and 41 families. About two thirds of the species are marine, while the rest are semiterrestrial, brackish and freshwater species. Among the latter, subterranean species dominate. In total, 26 species endemic to Slovenia were identified, one of which lives in surface freshwater, and the rest in groundwaters. Surprisingly, no presence of invasive freshwater amphipod species has currently been confirmed. We provided critical comments on nine amphipod species that were listed erroneously for the country. Our work revealed two major knowledge gaps. Marine species records come from occasional sampling campaigns, and we suggest that this group calls for a more systematic research. More work has been done on freshwater species, which revealed many taxonomic uncertainties that cannot be resolved at present and call for additional taxonomic research.

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High parasite diversity in the amphipodGammarus lacustrisin a subarctic lake

Cited by 9 publications

References 74 publications

Parasitism of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first month post-emergence in streams in southwest Nova Scotia

Parasitism of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the first month post-emergence in streams in southwest Nova Scotia

Parasites alter food-web topology of a subarctic lake food web and its pelagic and benthic compartments

Checklist of amphipod crustaceans (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in Slovenia

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