“…The passive mode-locked device is completely functional with a DC current signal for the gain section and a DC voltage for the SA region, without the need of a RF reference or any additional external device. Moreover, the phase noise performance in this mode of operation can be extremely good, reaching sub-kHz RF linewidth in the electrical signal associated with the mode-locking repetition rate [11,12]. Alternatively, under active mode-locking operation, the optical pulses are synchronized to an external RF reference at the mode-locked frequency of the device (or subharmonics).…”