High-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for iron-chromium redox flow batteries

Ahn, Yeonjoo; Moon, Janghyuk; Park, Seoung Eun; Shin, Jaeho; Choi, Jang Wook; Kim, Ki Jae

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.127855

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…oxidized (e.g., the reported BET surface areas are < 2 and 9-14 m 2 g -1 for pristine and thermally pretreated felts, respectively). In the other cases that use carbon papers [46,56] or untreated felt electrodes [31,45], Bi cations are added to the electrolyte, which will presumably compete or co-deposit with reducible impurities in the electrolyte. The result is lower amounts of and attenuated effects from reduced impurities deposited on the negative electrodes, and thus high CEs and low DRs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another approach is to improve the reaction selectivity, either by utilizing catalysts or tuning the electrolyte composition to promote the desired redox reactions. To this end, bismuth (Bi) has been particularly well-studied in Fe-Cr RFBs and has consistently demonstrated an ability to promote the Cr redox reaction and suppress the HER, via direct nanoparticle deposition onto the negative electrode and/or as a negative electrolyte additive [31][32][33][34]. Lead (Pb) and indium (In) have shown similar benefits as catalysts and additives [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen evolution mitigation in iron-chromium redox flow batteries via electrochemical purification of the electrolyte

Wan

Rodby

Perry

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The redox flow battery (RFB) is a promising electrochemical energy storage solution that has seen limited deployment due, in part, to the high capital costs of current offerings. While the search for lower-cost chemistries has led to exciting expansions in available material sets, recent advances in RFB science and engineering may revivify older chemistries with suitable property profiles. One such system is the iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) RFB, which utilizes a low-cost, high-abundance chemistry, but the poor Cr redox reaction kinetics and high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rates challenge efficient, long-term operation. Of late, renewed efforts have focused on HER mitigation through materials innovation including electrocatalysts and electrolyte additives. Here, we show electrochemical purification, where soluble contaminants are deposited onto a sacrificial electrode prior to cell operation, can lead to a ca. 5× reduction in capacity fade rates. Leveraging data harvested from prior literature, we identify an association between coulombic efficiency and discharge capacity decay rate, finding that electrochemical purification can enable cell performance equivalent to that with new and potentially-expensive materials. We anticipate this method of mitigating HER may reduce capacity maintenance needs and, in combination with other advances, further durational Fe-Cr RFBs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen evolution mitigation in iron-chromium redox flow batteries via electrochemical purification of the electrolyte

Wan

Rodby

Perry

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to metal catalysts, Ahn et al demonstrated that the electrochemical activity of the Cr 3 + /Cr 2 + redox reactions can be excellently promoted and hydrogen evolution can be retarded by uniformly incorporating Bi nanoparticles into Ketjenblack carbon (KB) through a simple reduction process. [62] During the charging process, the Bi nanoparticles well dispersed in porous carbon generate intermediate compounds in the form of BiH x . Such a process can effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution as the formation of BiH x retards the H + reduction.…”

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Development of First‐Generation Redox Flow Batteries: Iron‐Chromium System

2021

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The iron-chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is considered the first true RFB and utilizes low-cost, abundant iron and chromium chlorides as redox-active materials, making it one of the most cost-effective energy storage systems. ICRFBs were pioneered and studied extensively by NASA and Mitsui in Japan in the 1970-1980s, and extensive studies on ICRFBs have been carried out over the past few decades. In addition, ICRFB is considered to be one of the most promising directions for costeffective and large-scale energy storage applications, as its cost can theoretically be lower than that of zinc-bromine and all-vanadium RFBs, giving it the potential for large-scale promotion. With the resolution of problems such as hydrogen evolution and electrolyte intermixing, the ICRFB technology is moving out of the laboratory and striving for greater power and more stable industrialization requirements. This Review summarizes the history, development, and research status of key components (carbon-based electrode, electrolyte, and membranes) in the ICRFB system, aiming to give a brief guide to researchers who are involved in the related subject.

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“…In order to reduce the cost of aqueous flow batteries, increasing attention is focused on low-priced redox-active material [ 8 ]. Iron–chromium flow batteries (ICFB) with low-cost electrolytes have again appeared in sights of researchers after their debut in 1974 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Recently, the demonstration projects of MWh-level ICFBs were established in the USA and China [ 4 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Composite Membrane with High Stability and Low Cost Specifically for Iron–Chromium Flow Battery

et al. 2022

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The iron–chromium flow battery (ICFB), the earliest flow battery, shows promise for large-scale energy storage due to its low cost and inherent safety. However, there is no specific membrane designed that meets the special requirements of ICFBs. To match the harsh operation parameters of ICFBs, we designed and fabricated a composite membrane with high mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. In the design, a commercial porous polyethylene membrane is selected as the framework material, offering high mechanical stability and reducing the cost. Meanwhile, the Nafion resin is filled in the pores of a porous membrane, which inhibits the transfer of redox-active ions and creates the proton channels via hydrophobic/hydrophilic phase separation. As a result, the composite membrane exhibits high conductivity, selectivity, and stability, especially with almost no swelling at high operating temperatures. Thus, an ICFB with the prepared membrane exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 93.29% at the current density of 80 mA cm−2 and runs stably for over 300 cycles. This work provides an easy method to fabricate high-performance and low-cost membranes specifically for ICFBs and has the potential to promote the development of ICFBs.

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High-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for iron-chromium redox flow batteries

Cited by 48 publications

References 43 publications

Hydrogen evolution mitigation in iron-chromium redox flow batteries via electrochemical purification of the electrolyte

Hydrogen evolution mitigation in iron-chromium redox flow batteries via electrochemical purification of the electrolyte

Review of the Development of First‐Generation Redox Flow Batteries: Iron‐Chromium System

A Composite Membrane with High Stability and Low Cost Specifically for Iron–Chromium Flow Battery

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