“…This component converts the PV-produced variable DC voltage into a fixed voltage that is proportionate to the load requirements. The MPPT controller simultaneously works to achieve MPP conversion from PV and provide a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to drive the DC-DC converter's switching mechanism [22], [23], [25], [27], [28], [32], [38], [39], [42], [43], [52], [77], [81], [93], [94], [98], [108], [112], [121]- [146]. These two processes happen simultaneously.…”