High-performance enzymatic biofuel cell based on flexible carbon cloth modified with MgO-templated porous carbon

Mini-Review: Recent Technologies of Electrode and System in the Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (EBFC)

“…The support material is used to support the enzyme and will be on the surface of the substrate. The commonly used substrate is carbon cloth [44], carbon paper [45], indium tin oxide (ITO) [22], glassy carbon electrode [46], and buckypaper [47], because these carbon-based materials provide advantages such as high compatibility, being user-friendly, and being environmentally friendly and made of reusable material [40], through physical adsorption or chemical bonding to form the carbon composites [39]. Substrates are rarely studied in EBFCs, but Shen et al [48], using graphene paper [49], used the reduction method followed by crosslinking to strengthen the mechanical stability of the material and used it for the anode and cathode in the EBFC, as shown in Figure 3.…”

“…Low power due to low oxygen solubility was increased by producing power of 53.0 µW/cm 2 at 0.45 V. Rewatkar et al [51] applied the buckypaper as a bioelectrode for both GOx and laccase at the bioanode and biocathode without a redox co-factor, which offers various advantages, such as highly efficient electron transfer, scalable production, high electrical conductivity, and large specific areas [52], respectively. Niiyama et al [44] modified the carbon cloth with MgO-template porous carbon to further increase the electrochemically active surface area on the electrode The enzyme will attach to the surface of the support material, where the oxidation and decomposition reactions take place to produce current or power. However, it should be noted that enzymes will oxidize and reduce, such as in Equations ( 2) and (3), and the resulting electrons need to flow to the electrode.…”

“…The supercapacitance gives one order magnitude of the current and power densities compared in the steady-state mode. A study by Niiyama et al [44] modified the poly binder (vinylidene difluoride) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the MgO-templated carbon at the anode and cathode of the EBFC, respectively. The enzyme used will be supported by MgO/porous carbon.…”

Challenges and Opportunities of Carbon Nanomaterials for Biofuel Cells and Supercapacitors: Personalized Energy for Futuristic Self-Sustainable Devices

“…MgO has been chosen as the template for porous carbon fabrication due to its chemical and thermal stability, lack of structural and compositional changes, lacking a reaction with carbon up to the carbonization temperature of carbon precursors, and being able to easily dissolve into a diluted acidic solution. In a flexible, glucose-O 2 enzymatic BFC, porous carbon and carbon cloth were necessary to retain the desirable properties; this example is shown in Figure 5H [58]. The electrodes were made up of a carbon textile composite, and were fabricated based on the MgO-template.…”

Chitosan-based enzyme ink for screen-printed bioanodes

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28] Among the different types of porous carbon materials, magnesium oxide (MgO)templated mesoporous carbon (MgOC) has been shown to increase the performance of biosensors and BFCs. [28][29][30][31][32] MgOC is advantageous because its pore size can be controlled by tuning the template MgO size and it has a high active surface area. Recently, we succeeded in developing a screen-printed lactate biosensor based on modied MgOC.…”