High performance fully plastic actuator based on ionic-liquid-based bucky gel

Mukai, Ken; Asaka, Kinji; Kiyohara, Kenji; Sugino, Takushi; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Fukushima, Takanori; Aida, Takuzo

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2008.02.113

Cited by 208 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The cross-sectional area of the polymer layer was divided into three regions, marked as I (near cathode), II (centre) and III (near anode), and the X-ray beam was transmitted to each region. This experiment was motivated by the fact that although many publications proposed the actuation mechanism of ionic polymer actuators on the basis of their asymmetric swelling and shrinkage 8,9 , there have been no systematic studies identifying the exact nature of polymer layers in response to the actuation field. Representative 6 ], acquired in each region after 30 min under a voltage of ±3 V, are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the electromechanical motion in ionic polymer actuators occurs through the migration of ions towards oppositely charged electrodes upon the application of an electric field 8,9 , ion transport properties and electrochemical stability of polymer electrolytes have important roles in determining the performance of the actuators 10,11 . Conventional polymers that appear to be leading candidates for the actuators include poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF)-based polymers [12][13][14][15] , conjugated polymers 16,17 and perfluorinated ionomers with random inclusions of acidic moieties (that is, Nafion) [18][19][20] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes

2013

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Electroactive actuators have received enormous interest for a variety of biomimetic technologies ranging from robotics and microsensors to artificial muscles. Major challenges towards practically viable actuators are the achievement of large electromechanical deformation, fast switching response, low operating voltage and durable operation. Here we report a new electroactive actuator composed of self-assembled sulphonated block copolymers and ionic liquids. The new actuator demonstrated improvements in actuation properties over other polymer actuators reported earlier, large generated strain (up to 4%) without any signs of back relaxation. In particular, the millimetre-scale displacements obtained for the actuators, with rapid response (o1 s) at sub-1-V conditions over 13,500 cycles in air, have not been previously reported in the literature. The key to success stems from the evolution of the unique hexagonal structure of the polymer layer with domain size gradients beneath the cathode during actuation, which promotes the bending motion of the actuators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes

2013

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“…The 2040 mN peak force is 50 times higher than the value reported for ionic-liquid-based bucky gel (40 mN) [6], almost 1000 times higher than the force generated by the trilayer polypyrrole bending actuators, and almost 100 times higher than the blocking force that can be generated by the IPMC-based bending actuators [7]. This force can be scaled up by having more beams in parallel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Bending artificial muscle from nylon filaments

Mirvakili

Hunter

2016

SPIE Proceedings

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“…The bending motion can be repeated in air for more than 8000 cycles without a notable decay. They also used a ball-milling method to prepare the casting suspension for the bucky-gel electrodes, and fabricated the actuators by hot-pressing the electrolyte film sandwiched by two electrode films [126]. Of note, the actuated properties of solid-state actuators are closely related to the Imi-IL species used [127,128].…”

Section: With Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Assisted Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Polymer Composites

et al. 2013

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets are the most promising fillers for polymer nanocomposites due to their superior mechanical, electrical, thermal optical and gas barrier properties, as well as high flame-retardant efficiency. The critical challenge, however, is how to uniformly disperse them into the polymer matrix to achieve a strong interface for good load transfer between the two. This problem is not new but more acute in CNTs and graphene, both because they are intrinsically insoluble and tend to aggregate into bundles and because their surfaces are atomically smooth. Over the past decade, imidazolium ionic liquids (Imi-ILs) have played a multifunctional role (e.g., as solvents, dispersants, stabilizers, compatibilizers, modifiers and additives) in the fabrication of polymer composites containing CNTs or graphene. In this review, we first summarize the liquid-phase exfoliation, stabilization, dispersion of CNTs and graphene in Imi-ILs, as well as the chemical and/or thermal reduction of graphene oxide to graphene with the aid of Imi-ILs. We then present a full survey of the literature on the Imi-ILs assisted fabrication of CNTs and graphene-based nanocomposites with a variety of polymers, including fluoropolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, polyacrylates, cellulose and polymeric ionic liquids. Finally, we give a future outlook in hopes of facilitating progress in this emerging area. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2013, 5 848

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High performance fully plastic actuator based on ionic-liquid-based bucky gel

Cited by 208 publications

References 24 publications

Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes

Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes

Bending artificial muscle from nylon filaments

Progress in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Assisted Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Polymer Composites

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