High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of butorphanol, hydroxybutorphanol, and norbutorphanol in human urine using fluorescence detection

Willey, Tracy A.; Duncan, Glenn F.; Tay, Lee K.; Pittman, Kenneth A.; Farmen, Raymond H.

doi:10.1016/0378-4347(93)e0400-k

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These methods include radio-immunoassay and HPLC combined with electrochemical, ultraviolet or fluorescence detection [11,12]. More recently, analysis methods with gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection have been developed [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance liquid chromatography of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood and brain microdialysate samples: Application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rats

Groenendaal

Blom-Roosemalen

Danhof

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance liquid chromatography of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood and brain microdialysate samples: Application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rats

Groenendaal

Blom-Roosemalen

Danhof

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…This method was similar to several other published SPE methods. [1,8,10,15] However, the SPE cartridges are expensive to use and these methods were designed for 1 mL sample sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] In mammals, butorphanol has agonist activity at κ-receptors while having partial agonist and antagonist activity at µ-receptor sites. [6,7] Several high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for the extraction of butorphanol from plasma [1,2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ; however, some use expensive solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns [1,[8][9][10] or time-consuming multistep, liquid-liquid extractions. [2,11,12] Mass spectrometry has been used in conjunction with both liquid and gas chromatography; however, these instruments are costly and may not be available in some laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Butorphanol Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Small Volume Plasma Samples

Yarbrough

Greenacre

Cox

2014

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of butorphanol in bearded dragon plasma. Following a liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and hexane, samples were separated by gradient reverse phase HPLC on a Symmetry C 18 column and quantified using fluorescence detection at an excitation of 200 nm and an emission of 325 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.05 M ammonium acetate (pH, 4.1) and acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. A linear curve was produced over the concentration range of 2.5 to 1500 ng/mL. Intra-and inter-assay variability for butorphanol were less than 10% and the average recovery was 90%. The new assay quantifies therapeutic levels of butorphanol in 100 µL samples from pharmacokinetic studies conducted at this institution.

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“…An emphasis was placed on those metabolites reported previously in human and domestic species metabolite determination, including hydroxybutorphanol and norbutorphanol. 6,13,14,31,45,48 The spectra were compared using the LC–MS software set to scan for metabolites while detecting butorphanol, and the metabolites were not found to cross-react with unchanged butorphanol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Intramuscular Bioavailability of a Single Dose of Butorphanol in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)

Tana

Isaza²,

Koch³

et al. 2010

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) are susceptible to lameness resulting from foot and joint pain, including chronic arthritis. In the past, opioid analgesics, such as butorphanol, have been used clinically for pain management. However, dosages used in treating elephants were often extrapolated from data in horses, with no pharmacokinetic information on the specific agents used in elephant species. In this pharmacokinetic study, six adult captive Asian elephants (5 female, 1 male castrate) were administered a 0.015 mg/kg dose of butorphanol by both i.v. and i.m. routes. A complete crossover design was used with a 3-wk washout period between treatments. Serial blood samples were collected immediately prior to butorphanol administration and at 5, 10, 20, and 40 min and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after administration. The butorphanol analysis was performed using a validated liquid chromatography–mass spectrophotometric assay with a limit of quantitation of 0.025 ng/ml. The mean Cmax after i.m. administration was 7.9 ng/ml, with a corresponding Tmax of 40 min and t½ of 7.1 h. After i.v. administration, the mean Vdss was 1.4 L/kg and the mean Clp was 0.26 L/kg/h. Mean i.m. bioavailability was 37%. The results indicate that butorphanol used at 0.015 mg/kg i.m. or i.v. could be useful in elephants when given for pain control.

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High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of butorphanol, hydroxybutorphanol, and norbutorphanol in human urine using fluorescence detection

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

High-performance liquid chromatography of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood and brain microdialysate samples: Application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rats

High-performance liquid chromatography of nalbuphine, butorphanol and morphine in blood and brain microdialysate samples: Application to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in rats

Determination of Butorphanol Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Small Volume Plasma Samples

Pharmacokinetics and Intramuscular Bioavailability of a Single Dose of Butorphanol in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)

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