High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of phytosterols in Panax ginseng root grown under different conditions

Lee, Dong Gu; Lee, Jaemin; Kim, Kyung Tack; Lee, Sang Won; Kim, Young Ock; Cho, Ik Hyun; Kim, Hak Jae; Park, Chun Gun; Lee, Sang‐Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.10.004

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Sun reported the total saponin content in ginseng root hair as being higher than that in other parts of ginseng. Ginseng has drawn attention as a traditional medicine worldwide because of its various functions, such as anti‐diabetes, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ginseng has drawn attention as a traditional medicine worldwide because of its various functions, such as anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Baek et al 14 reported that heat processing led to chemical and structural changes, improving the biological activities. Extrusion has been considered as a high-temperature short-time process to produce commercial products for over 50 years, because of its high productivity, energy efficiency and versatility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Jin

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND This study was to investigate the significant effects of extrusion process variables on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair. The extrusion conditions were set as follows: barrel temperature (110 and 140 °C), moisture content (20 and 30%) and screw speed (200 and 300 rpm). The powder of white ginseng root hair was extruded as L8 (27) orthogonal experimental design. RESULTS The crude saponin and acidic polysaccharide contents of extrudate were significantly higher than those of raw material after extrusion. In addition, antioxidant properties were also increased, while reducing sugar content was markedly lower than that of raw material. Moisture content was the most significant factor affecting the reducing sugar, acidic polysaccharide and total phenolic contents, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity. Barrel temperature significantly affected reducing power, and screw speed significantly influenced crude saponin content. CONCLUSIONS The extrusion process aided in improving the amount of beneficial compounds from white ginseng root hair. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Jin

2019

J Sci Food Agric

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“…Results showed that ginseng cultivated in Jinan exhibited the highest ginsenoside Rc content (0.495 mg/g) and the highest total major ginsenoside content (0.931 mg/g). A recent study using ginseng samples cultivated in Geumsam, Yeongju, and Jinan showed that ginseng samples from Jinan also had the highest phytosterol content [16]. Phytosterol is another bioactive compound present in ginseng species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of major ginsenosides in various ginseng samples

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

JABC

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The contents of major ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rf, and ginsenoside Rg1) in ginseng cultivated in different areas in Korea, ginseng that underwent different cultivation processes and ages, and ginseng cultivated in different countries were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV/VIS detector. Ginsenoside Rc was the most abundant ginsenoside in all different ginseng samples. The highest total concentration of major ginsenosides was found in the ginseng cultivated in Jinan (0.931 mg/g) and 4-year grown red ginseng (1.785 mg/g). Major ginsenosides were the most abundant in Korean ginseng (1.264 mg/g), compared to those in Chinese and American ginseng. The results of this study showed the different contents of major ginsenosides in the ginseng samples tested and emphasized which sample could contain high yield of ginsenosides.

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“…BSS was determined by the HPLC method previously developed by Lee et al . 28 . An HPLC system (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of developed lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) encapsulating naturally extracted β-Sitosterol against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Abdou

Fayed

Helal

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The hepatoprotective effect of β-Sitosterol (BSS), a natural phytosterol, after being formulated into a suitable pharmaceutical drug delivery system has not been widely explored. BSS was isolated from Centaurea pumilio L., identified and formulated as lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) using the poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer and DSPE-PEG-2000 lipid in different ratios. The selected formulation, prepared with a lipid: polymer: drug ratio of 2:2:2, had an entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 94.42 ± 3.8, particle size of 181.5 ± 11.3 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) of 0.223 ± 0.06, zeta potential of −37.34 ± 3.21 and the highest drug release after 24 h. The hepatoprotective effect of the formulation at two different doses against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in rats. The results showed that the BSS-LPHNPs (400 mg/kg) have the ability to restore the liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), liver lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)), total bilirubin and albumin to their normal levels without inhibitory effect on the CYP2E1 activity. Also, the formulation could maintain the normal histological structure of liver tissue and decrease the cleaved caspase-3 expression. LPHNPs formulation encapsulating natural BSS is a promising hepatoprotective drug delivery system.

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High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of phytosterols in Panax ginseng root grown under different conditions

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Effects of extrusion conditions on chemical properties of extruded white ginseng root hair

Analysis of major ginsenosides in various ginseng samples

Assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of developed lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) encapsulating naturally extracted β-Sitosterol against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats

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