High-performance liquid chromatography determination of residue levels on chicken carcasses treated with cetylpyridinium chloride

Zhou, Xiang; Handie, Andronica; Salari, Hamid; Fifer, E. Kim; Breen, Philip J.; Compadre, César M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00100-0

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…CPC is an environmental hazard and leaves a toxic residue on surfaces [13,19]. This residue is dissolved and subsequently removed using propylene glycol (PEG) as a cosolvent with water.…”

Section: Chemical Informatics Issn 2470-6973mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation Study of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Pathogen Control: Computational Methods for the Discovery of Food Antimicrobials

Rath¹,

Bai²

2016

Chem Inform

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“…CPC is an environmental hazard and leaves a toxic residue on surfaces [13,19]. This residue is dissolved and subsequently removed using propylene glycol (PEG) as a cosolvent with water.…”

Section: Chemical Informatics Issn 2470-6973mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation Study of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Pathogen Control: Computational Methods for the Discovery of Food Antimicrobials

Rath¹,

Bai²

2016

Chem Inform

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“…Further CPC exposure estimates can be made by focusing on chicken consumption due to the presence of CPC in chicken processing (HHS, 2004; Yang and Chuan, 2016). A typical food-processing procedure involving a 1 min submergence of chicken in a 0.0125% CPC bath led to an average residual level of 11.7 mg/kg CPC in the chicken (Zhou et al ., 1999). The CPC solution limit for agricultural processing is 8% concentration by weight (FDA, 2020a); extrapolating to this limit, we calculate that chicken meat treated maximally would retain 749 mg/kg CPC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Agent Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mitochondrial Toxicity in Rodent and Primary Human Cells: Super-resolution Microscopy Reveals Nanostructural Disruption

Weller

Burnell

Aho

et al. 2022

Preprint

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People are exposed to high concentrations of antibacterial agent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) via personal care and food products, despite little information regarding CPC effects on eukaryotes. CPC is used as an antibacterial agent via a detergent mechanism when above ~600-900 μM. While three previous studies suggested CPC mitochondrial toxicity, this phenomenon is not well-studied. Here, we show that low-micromolar CPC inhibits mitochondrial ATP production in primary human keratinocytes, mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and rat RBL-2H3 immune mast cells, in galactose media, which causes cells to produce ATP via mitochondria. ATP inhibition via CPC (EC50 1.7 μM) is nearly as potent as that caused by canonical mitotoxicant CCCP (EC50 1.2 μM). CPC inhibition of oxygen consumption rate (OCR) tracks with that of ATP: OCR is halved due to 1.75 μM CPC in RBL-2H3 cells and 1.25 μM in primary human keratinocytes. Here we demonstrate that CPC is more potent as a mitotoxicant than as an immune mast cell signaling inhibitor, an effect published previously. Mitochondrial [Ca2+] changes can cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we show, using a novel plate reader assay with reporter CEPIA2mt, that CPC causes mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux from mast cells via an ATP-inhibition mechanism. Using super-resolution microscopy (fluorescence photoactivation localization) in live cells, we have discovered that CPC causes mitochondrial nanostructural defects in fibroblasts, including the formation of spherical structures with donut-like cross section, as quantified by novel Fourier transform analysis. This work reveals CPC as a mitotoxicant despite widespread use, highlighting the importance of further research into its toxicological safety.

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Liquid chromatography determination of residue levels on apples treated with cetylpyridinium chloride

Rodrı́guez-Morales

Zhou

Salari

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography A

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High-performance liquid chromatography determination of residue levels on chicken carcasses treated with cetylpyridinium chloride

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation Study of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Pathogen Control: Computational Methods for the Discovery of Food Antimicrobials

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relation Study of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Pathogen Control: Computational Methods for the Discovery of Food Antimicrobials

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Agent Cetylpyridinium Chloride Mitochondrial Toxicity in Rodent and Primary Human Cells: Super-resolution Microscopy Reveals Nanostructural Disruption

Liquid chromatography determination of residue levels on apples treated with cetylpyridinium chloride

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