High-performance liquid chromatography of paraquat and diquat in urine with rapid sample preparation involving ion-pair extraction on disposable cartridges of octadecyl-silica

Gill, R.; Qua, Shen; Moffat, A.C.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88303-5

Cited by 99 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1-Heptanesulfonate was also successfully used in several other applications of IP-SPE methodology. Paraquat and diquat were preconcentrated with this method from urine 13 or rat brain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-pair Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Ionic Liquid Cations in Fresh and Seawater Samples

Stepnowski

Nichthauser

2008

ANAL. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…1-Heptanesulfonate was also successfully used in several other applications of IP-SPE methodology. Paraquat and diquat were preconcentrated with this method from urine 13 or rat brain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion-pair Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Ionic Liquid Cations in Fresh and Seawater Samples

Stepnowski

Nichthauser

2008

ANAL. SCI.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Their LOQs were 50 ng/mL with S/N 2/1 for both PQ and DQ with the same injection mode. As regards the sensitivities of derivated spectrophotometric methods (O'Haver, 1979;Fell et al, 1981;Jarvie et al, 1981;Fuke et al, 1992) and liquid chromatographic methods (Miller et al, 1979;Gill et al, 1983;Nakagiri et al, 1989;Ito, 1993), they varied from 50 to 500 ng/mL and required an injected sample volume a thousand-fold greater than that in CE. The coefficients of variation for the intra-and inter-day experiments were quite correct ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium dithionite reaction allows qualitative detection of PQ and DQ in urine or gastric fluid (Berry and Grove, 1971;Yuen et al, 1967). For serum or urine spectrophotometric methods are used (Knepil, 1977;Tayama et al, 1991;Kesari et al, 1997) or derivated spectrophotometric methods (O'Haver, 1979;Fell et al, 1981;Jarvie et al, 1981;Fuke et al, 1992), chromatographic analysis-highperformance liquid chromatography (Miller et al, 1979;Gill et al, 1983;Nakagiri et al, 1989;Ito, 1993), gas chromatography (Martens and Heynfrickse, 1974;Kawase et al, 1984) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometric methods (Draflan et al, 1977), radioimmunologic assays (Levitt, 1979;Fatori and Hunter, 1980) and RMN 1 H (Imbenotte et al, 1999). Interest in capillary electrophoresis has greatly increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Vinner

Stievenart

Humbert

et al. 2001

Biomedical Chromatography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in both serum and urine was investigated. The two herbicides were extracted from biological fluids with liquefied phenol. Serum required a deproteinization with chloroform and ammonium sulfate as pretreatment. The extracts were hydrodynamically injected and the complete separation was carried out in 10 min, using a capillary tube (75 microm i.d., 500 mm) of fused silica containing 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.50) as the carrier. UV absorbance detection at 200 nm was performed by an on-column detector. The analytes were characterized by their respective migration times. Analytical recoveries were 52.6% for PQ and 62.6% for DQ in serum, and 71.4% and 59.3%, respectively, in urine. The linearity was studied up to 4 mg/L and the limits of detection (LODs) were better than 5 pg/mL in serum or urine. The CE method described was applied to the characterization of two lethal poisonings and results were related.

show abstract

“…It does not require removal of protein in contrast with methods of H P L C , GC, and spectrophotometry [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In our previous paper [1], we demonstrated that E S R signals of paraquat could be detected with high sensitivity only by reducing paraquat to its radical with sodium dithionite at high pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Determination of paraquat in raw and formalin-fixed tissues by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy

Minakata¹,

Сузукі²,

Morita³

et al. 1989

Z Rechtsmed

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ESR method was applied to determine paraquat levels in fresh and formalin-fixed tissues. Paraquat was converted to paraquat radical by adding sodium dithionite to tissue homogenates and detected by ESR. Paraquat levels of more than 0.2 micrograms/ml homogenate could be quantified with 0.1 ml of the homogenate. The use of manganese ions for standardization of paraquat signal enabled much more accurate ESR measurements because this ion was quite stable and its signal did not overlap that of paraquat. Even with tissues fixed in formalin, tissues paraquat levels were measureable after removing formalin from the tissue extract. This fact was verified by studying two cases; the tissues were kept in formalin for 1.5 years in case 1 and for 6.5 years in case 2. In both cases, the paraquat contents in tissues were 0.02-0.08 micrograms/g. In this way ESR is one of the most suitable methods in determining low levels of paraquat in tissues even after they were preserved in formalin for a long time.

show abstract

High-performance liquid chromatography of paraquat and diquat in urine with rapid sample preparation involving ion-pair extraction on disposable cartridges of octadecyl-silica

Cited by 99 publications

References 27 publications

Ion-pair Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Ionic Liquid Cations in Fresh and Seawater Samples

Ion-pair Solid-Phase Extraction of Trace Amounts of Ionic Liquid Cations in Fresh and Seawater Samples

Separation and quantification of paraquat and diquat in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis

Determination of paraquat in raw and formalin-fixed tissues by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About