High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery and Supercapacitors Using Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)/Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C₃N₄)-Derived Hierarchical N-Doped Carbon

Abstract

Energy storage materials have advanced renewable energy technologies. Herein, we described the one-pot synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) nanocomposite. The condensation of melamine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyaldehyde with and without g-C 3 N 4 offered the synthesis of COF and COF/g-C 3 N 4 . Furthermore, N-doped carbon and N-doped carbon/g-C 3 N 4 were synthesized via the carbonization of COF and COF/g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The materials i.e., before and after carbonization were used as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). They showed specific capacitance of 211, 257.5, 450, and 835.2 F•g −1 for COF, COF/g-C 3 N 4 , N-doped carbon, and N-doped carbon/ g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. Asymmetric supercapacitor device using N-doped carbon/g-C 3 N 4 exhibited good energy (45.97 Wh•kg −1 ) with high power (659.3 W•kg −1 ). The N-doped C/g-C 3 N 4 electrode was also applied for LIBs, offering a discharge capacity of 390 mAh•g −1 (at 50 mA•g −1 ).

Recent advancements in 3D porous graphene-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage applications

“…4,5 Various electrode materials used in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors have certain problems like feeble electron/ion transport, poor thermal and electrochemical stability, and a lack of reproducibility because of their aging process. 6,7 Interestingly, the electrodes based on porous materials have gained better capacitance activity because these porous frameworks allow ions to reach the surface easier and faster, 8,9 leading to pore effects.…”

Advanced Multifunctional Materials (2023)

“…The electrochemical performance of two symmetric supercapacitor devices displayed specific energy and specific power of 14.6 W•h•kg −1 and 400 W•kg −1 , respectively (Figure 5) [225]. A one-pot synthesis of COFs/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposite was also reported in our lab [227,228]. The synthesis procedure involved the polycondensation of melamine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxyaldehyde in the presence of g-C3N4.…”

“…COF, COF/g-C3N4, N-doped carbon, and N-doped carbon/g-C3N4 exhibited specific capacitance of 211, 257.5, 450, and 835.2 F•g -1 , respectively. N-doped carbon/g-C3N4 was used to assemble asymmetric devices that offered energy density and power density of 45.97 Wh•kg -1 and 659.3 W•kg -1 , respectively [227,228].…”

Solvothermal synthesis and supercapacitive properties of highly electrochemical stable covalent organic frameworks with triazine building block

“…The electrolyte was 1 M H 2 SO 4 . Its energy density (4) and power density (5) were calculated as follows 43 :…”