High-performance on-chip transformers

Chong, Kyuchul; Xie, Ya‐Hong

doi:10.1109/led.2005.851817

Cited by 60 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In its ideal form, the transformer is a lossless device and delivers exact output power as it receives at its input; however, in practice, there are losses (i.e., insertion losses) which decrease the output power. Hence, power gain ( G ) of a transformer, which is the ratio of output to input power is critical and has been used to characterize the performance of monolithic transformers [24,25,36,37] with the following analytical formula [38]:G=1+2(x−x2−x), where x refers to:x=Re(Z11)Re(Z22)−|Re(Z12)|2|Im(Z12)|2+|Re(Z12)|2.…”

Section: Figures-of-merit For On-chip Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To realize high performance interleaved on-chip transformers, several novel approaches were explored both from the fabrication and the layout aspects. For instance, porous silicon layer (200 µm-thick) was added in between the substrate and the transformer which effectively functioned as a “shield” layer to reduce the parasitic coupling effects between the metal and the substrate [36]. Due to the reduction in parasitics, a huge improvement in self-resonance frequency and gain was observed.…”

Section: On-chip Transformers Based On Standard Ic Process Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated On-Chip Transformers: Recent Progress in the Design, Layout, Modeling and Fabrication

Bajwa

Yapıcı

2019

Sensors

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On-chip transformers are considered to be the primary components in many RF wireless applications. This paper provides an in-depth review of on-chip transformers, starting with a presentation on the various equivalent circuit models to represent transformer behavior and characterize their performance. Next, a comparative study on the different design and layout strategies is provided, and the fabrication techniques for on-chip implementation of transformers are discussed. The critical performance parameters to characterize on-chip transformers, such as the Q-factor, coupling factor (k), resonance frequency (fSR), and others, are discussed with reference to trade-offs in silicon chip real-estate. The performance parameters and area requirements for different types of on-chip transformers are summarized in tabular form and compared. Several techniques for performance enhancement of on-chip transformers, including the different types of micromachining and integration approaches stemming from MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technologies are also analyzed. Lastly, the different uses and applications of on-chip transformers are discussed to highlight the evolution of on-chip transformer technology over the recent years and provide directions for future work in this field.

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Section: Figures-of-merit For On-chip Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-chip Transformers Based On Standard Ic Process Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated On-Chip Transformers: Recent Progress in the Design, Layout, Modeling and Fabrication

Bajwa

Yapıcı

2019

Sensors

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“…The impedance Z-matrix of the transformer is frequency dependence and can be expressed as follows (Chong and Xie 2005;Ng et al 2002). represent the primary, secondary and mutual inductances, respectively.…”

Section: High Frequency Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface micromachined on-chip transformer fabricated on glass substrate

2008

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On-chip micro-transformer on high resistive glass substrate has been developed. The transformer consists of stacked spiral coil with square interwinding coil structure which is fabricated using surface micromachining technique. The performance of the micro-transformer is illustrated through low and high frequency measurements. The characteristics of glass based transformer are compared with conventional Si-based micro-transformer. The results show that the RF performance of the glass-based transformer is improved compared to that of silicon-based transformer. The process fabrication of the device is simple, highlighting a good prospect for the future threedimensional RF-MEMS device application.

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“…In the majority of applications micro-coils are usually exploited in the radiofrequency (RF) range. Typical examples can be found in antenna applications, transformer designs [1,2], low noise amplifiers [3] and filters. In tandem, a number of different technologies [4] and geometries [5] have also been proposed in order to improve their performance and enhance their efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrothermal deterioration factors in gold planar inductors designed for microscale bio-applications

Rizou

Prodromakis

2018

Microelectronic Engineering

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In this study, we present the fabrication of wafer level micro-inductors, designed for non invasive neurostimulation in vitro, along with an electrothermal study testing the influence of thermal phenomena to their performance. The electric performance of all micro-scale electromagnetic components is hampered by two dominant factors: Joule heating and electromigration. The scope of the study is to evaluate how these phenomena change the electric behaviour of the samples during activation. We experimentally define the safe area of operation across six types of samples with different geometric characteristics and we extract useful information for the reliability of the samples by comparing their median failure times. Our findings present the activation restrictions which should be taken into account in order to avoid the thermal degradation of the components, while at the same time could be used as design guidelines for similar geometries.

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High-performance on-chip transformers

Cited by 60 publications

References 10 publications

Integrated On-Chip Transformers: Recent Progress in the Design, Layout, Modeling and Fabrication

Integrated On-Chip Transformers: Recent Progress in the Design, Layout, Modeling and Fabrication

Surface micromachined on-chip transformer fabricated on glass substrate

Electrothermal deterioration factors in gold planar inductors designed for microscale bio-applications

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