High-Power, Low-Noise, and High-Speed 850 nm VCSEL Arrays with for Optical Wireless Transmission

Khan, Zuhaib; Chorchos, Łukasz; Chang, Yong-Hao; Ledenstov, N. N.; Huang, Yen-Yu; Zhao, Yaung-Cheng; Ledentsov, N. N.; Shi, Jin‐Wei

doi:10.1364/ofc.2021.tu5c.5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We adopt discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation with adaptive bit-and-power-loading to maximise the achievable data rate of the OWC link. We have obtained 38 Gbps at a link distance of 2.5 m, which is about a 50% increase in the data rate compared to the work in [8] and [11]. Based on the analysis in [10], when spatial division multiplexing is considered, a 5×5 array based on such VCSELs can potentially achieve Tbps communications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…For instance, the study in [7] practically demonstrated a data rate of 8.23 Gbps over a 1 m OWC channel with an optical power of ∼5 dBm. A higher data rate of 25 Gbps was achieved using a 7×7 VCSEL array with an optical power of ∼22 dBm [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SM-VCSELs were fabricated and tested on wafers by ICS prior to full characterisation in an OWC system. The VCSELs also have lower relative intensity noise (RIN) than a commercial 850 nm VCSEL used in [7] and a customised VCSEL used in [11]. We adopt discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation with adaptive bit-and-power-loading to maximise the achievable data rate of the OWC link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of 38 Gbps Over 2.5 m OWC Systems With Eye-Safe 850 nm SM-VCSELs

Osahon,

Rajbhandari,

Kostakis

et al. 2024

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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With a directly modulated 850 nm single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (SM-VCSEL), we experimentally achieve a gross data rate of ∼38 Gbps over a 2.5 m optical wireless communication (OWC) link at the 7% Reed-Solomon forward error correction (RS-FEC) limit. The OWC link is demonstrated using an eye-safe transmitted optical power of -1.47 dBm and discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation with adaptive bit-and-power loading. The SM-VCSEL has a relative intensity noise (RIN) of ∼-137 dB/Hz, which is lower than that of a typical commercial 850 nm multimode VCSEL (∼-129 dB/Hz). Therefore, under almost identical OWC link operating conditions, the SM-VCSEL provides a gross data-rate increase of ∼19 Gbps and an optical signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) gain of ∼5 dB compared to its multimode counterpart having a similar modulation bandwidth. Furthermore, we demonstrate an errorfree net data rate of ∼17 Gbps at a received optical power of -7 dBm, which suggests the feasibility of utilising the SM-VCSEL to realise indoor gigabit OWC applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of 38 Gbps Over 2.5 m OWC Systems With Eye-Safe 850 nm SM-VCSELs

Osahon,

Rajbhandari,

Kostakis

et al. 2024

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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High-Brightness, High-Power and High-Speed 940 nm VCSEL Arrays for Optical Wireless Transmission

Khan

Zhao

et al. 2022

2022 27th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) and 2022 International Conference on Photonics in Switching and

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Neural Network Equalisation for High-Speed Eye-Safe Optical Wireless Communication with 850 nm SM-VCSELs

Osahon,

Kostakis,

Powell

et al. 2024

Photonics

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In this paper, we experimentally illustrate the effectiveness of neural networks (NNs) as non-linear equalisers for multilevel pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-M) transmission over an optical wireless communication (OWC) link. In our study, we compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performances of two decision feedback equalisers (DFEs)—a multilayer-perceptron-based DFE (MLPDFE), which is the NN equaliser, and a transversal DFE (TRDFE)—under two degrees of non-linear distortion using an eye-safe 850 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (SM-VCSEL). Our results consistently show that the MLPDFE delivers superior performance in comparison to the TRDFE, particularly in scenarios involving high non-linear distortion and PAM constellations with eight or more levels. At a forward error correction (FEC) threshold BER of 0.0038, we achieve bit rates of ~28 Gbps, ~29 Gbps, ~22.5 Gbps, and ~5 Gbps using PAM schemes with 2, 4, 8, and 16 levels, respectively, with the MLPDFE. Comparably, the TRDFE yields bit rates of ~28 Gbps and ~29 Gbps with PAM-2 and PAM-4, respectively. Higher PAM levels with the TRDFE result in BERs greater than 0.0038 for bit rates above 2 Gbps. These results highlight the effectiveness of the MLPDFE in optimising the performance of SM-VCSEL-based OWC systems across different modulation schemes and non-linear distortion levels.

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High-Power, Low-Noise, and High-Speed 850 nm VCSEL Arrays with for Optical Wireless Transmission

Abstract: 850nm VCSEL arrays (7x7) using Zn-diffusion/Oxide-relief apertures have been demonstrated. It exhibits high CW power (190 mW), dampening E-O frequency response, and wide 3-dB E-O bandwidths (13 GHz). 25Gbit/sec error-free transmission has been demonstrated.

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Experimental Demonstration of 38 Gbps Over 2.5 m OWC Systems With Eye-Safe 850 nm SM-VCSELs

Experimental Demonstration of 38 Gbps Over 2.5 m OWC Systems With Eye-Safe 850 nm SM-VCSELs

High-Brightness, High-Power and High-Speed 940 nm VCSEL Arrays for Optical Wireless Transmission

Neural Network Equalisation for High-Speed Eye-Safe Optical Wireless Communication with 850 nm SM-VCSELs

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