We report a complete structural study of CoF 2 under pressure. Its crystal structure and vibrational and electronic properties have been studied both theoretically and experimentally using first-principles density functional theory (DFT) methods, x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption at Co K-edge experiments, Raman spectroscopy, and optical absorption in the 0-80 GPa range. We have determined the structural phase-transition sequence in CoF 2 and corresponding transition pressures. The results are similar to other transition-metal difluorides such as FeF 2 but different to ZnF 2 and MgF 2 , despite that the Co 2+ size (ionic radius) is similar to Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ . We found that the complete phase-transition sequence is tetragonal rutile (P 4 2 /mnm) → CaCl 2 type (orthorhombic P nnm) → distorted PdF 2 (orthorhombic P bca) + PdF 2 (cubic P a3) in coexistence → fluorite (cubic F m3m) → cotunnite (orthorhombic P nma). It was observed that the structural phase transition to the fluorite at 15 GPa involves a drastic change of coordination from sixfold octahedral to eightfold cubic with important modifications in the vibrational and electronic properties. We show that the stabilization of this high-pressure cubic phase is possible under nonhydrostatic conditions since ideal hydrostaticity would stabilize the distorted-fluorite structure (tetragonal I 4/mmm) instead. Although the first rutile → CaCl 2 -type second-order phase transition is subtle by Raman spectroscopy, it was possible to define it through the broadening of the E g Raman mode which is split in the CaCl 2 -type phase. First-principles DFT calculations are in fair agreement with the experimental Raman mode frequencies, thus providing an accurate description for all vibrational modes and elastic properties of CoF 2 as a function of pressure.