High prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from goats, from a retail meat store, destined for human consumption in the USA

Dubey, J. P.; Rajendran, C.; Ferreira, L. R.; Martins, J.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Hill, Dolores E.; Villena, Isabelle; Zhou, Huaiyu; Su, Chunlei; Jones, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.03.006

Cited by 122 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Currently, the modified agglutination test (MAT) seems to be the test most adapted to a large number of species (93), but specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed for some domestic animal species. These serological tests were first developed for serum analysis but have been adapted for the analysis of meat juice for evaluating the risk of Toxoplasma in meat (105,162). The analysis of meat juice is less sensitive but is the only means to detect Toxoplasma antibodies when sera are not available (retail stores).…”

Section: Prevalence and Importance Of Toxoplasmosis In The World Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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SUMMARY The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii was discovered a little over 100 years ago, but knowledge of its biological life cycle and its medical importance has grown in the last 40 years. This obligate intracellular parasite was identified early as a pathogen responsible for congenital infection, but its clinical expression and the importance of reactivations of infections in immunocompromised patients were recognized later, in the era of organ transplantation and HIV infection. Recent knowledge of host cell-parasite interactions and of parasite virulence has brought new insights into the comprehension of the pathophysiology of infection. In this review, we focus on epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, putting them in perspective with current knowledge of parasite genotypes. In particular, we provide critical information on diagnostic methods according to the patient's background and discuss the implementation of screening tools for congenital toxoplasmosis according to health policies.

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Section: Prevalence and Importance Of Toxoplasmosis In The World Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep, rather than pigs, are the main source of infected meat in Southern European countries. Rates of seropositivity reported for goats vary from 4 to 77% (105,316), while they are generally lower in horses (93).…”

Section: Prevalence and Importance Of Toxoplasmosis In The World Prevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

2012

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“…Later, chicken sera were also tested at a 1:25 dilution for antibodies to T. gondii using the MAT as described previously by Dubey and Desmonts (1987). The antigen was prepared at the Laboratory of Parasitology, National Reference Centre on Toxoplasmosis (Reims, France), as described (Dubey et al, 2011) and mailed by air to Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, from the Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, USA. Positive and negative controls were used in both tests.…”

Section: Serologic Examination Of Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil

Beltrame

Pena

Ton

et al. 2012

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Sporulated oocysts in the environment contaminated by cat faeces are an important source of infection mainly to other animals. Simultaneously, with insufficient hygiene and technological measures in the processing of milk and meat products from goats, toxoplasmosis may occur also in humans (Dubey et al 2011a;Spišák et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and tick-transmitted bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in one selected goat farm in Slovakia

Čobádiová

Reiterová

Derdáková³

et al. 2013

Acta Parasitologica

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Parasitic diseases of livestock together with poor welfare conditions can negatively affect the health status and production of small ruminants. Protozoan parasites and tick-borne infectious agents are common threat of livestock including small ruminants mostly during the pasture season. Therefore the priority of the study was to analyse the circulation and presence of two protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum as well as tick-transmitted bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum in one selected goat farm in Eastern Slovakia. Throughout a three-year study period we have repeatedly screened the sera and blood of goats and dogs from monitored farm. In total, 343 blood serum samples from 116 goats were examined by ELISA. The mean seropositivity for T. gondii was 56.9% (66/116, CI (95%) = 48-66.0) and 15.5% (18/116, CI (95%) = 9.3-22.7) for N. caninum. The permanent occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma and anti-Neospora antibodies was detected in repeatedly examined goats during the whole monitored period. The presence of both parasites in the flock was analysed by PCR. DNA of T. gondii was confirmed in 12 out of 25 Toxoplasma-seropositive goats and N. caninum in 14 samples out of 18 Neospora-seropositive animals; four goats were co-infected with both pathogens. The risk of endogenous transmission of both parasites was pursued by examination of 41 kid's sera, where seropositivity for toxoplasmosis was 31.7% and for neosporosis 14.6%. In dogs 61.1% seropositivity for T. gondii and 38.9% for N. caninum was found, however, their faeces were negative for coccidian oocysts. Eight out of 108 tested animals were infected with A. phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne fever. Seven of them were simultaneously infected with T. gondii and A. phagocytophilum, out of which four goats were concurrently infected with all three pathogens.

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High prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from goats, from a retail meat store, destined for human consumption in the USA

Cited by 122 publications

References 50 publications

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Epidemiology of and Diagnostic Strategies for Toxoplasmosis

Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens from Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and tick-transmitted bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in one selected goat farm in Slovakia

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