High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic foodborne bacteria isolated from bovine milk

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in bovine milk, their antibiogram phenotype, and the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. Raw bovine milk samples (n = 100) were randomly collected from different suppliers in the northwest of Iran. Antibiotic-resistant patterns and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes were evaluated in the isolates. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from 78%, 47%, 25%, and 21% of samples, respectively. All isolates showed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin. The blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 50.0% and 6.4% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Also, 28.5% and 19.0% of Salmonella isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaSHV. The frequency of mecA and blaZ in S. aureus isolates was 20.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The high prevalence of bovine milk contamination with antimicrobial-resistant species in this study necessitates precise control on antibiotic prescription in veterinary medicine.

The prevalence of bovine mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus in China and its antimicrobial resistance rate: A meta-analysis

“…In addition, penicillin belongs to the β-lactam class of drugs, the drug has been used for long-term and repeated administration in cattle, for example, for the treatment of diarrhea and other diseases, which may result in increased resistance to its use in the treatment of clinical mastitis ( 39 ); hence, β-lactams might be the most resistant antibiotic against S. aureus . This result is supported by studies conducted in Iran ( 27 ) and Brazil ( 40 ), both showing that S. aureus is highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics compared with other antibiotics. In India, resistance to oxacillin (a penicillin drug) can reach 20.5% ( 41 ).…”

“…The pooled prevalence of S. aureus in China (36.23%) is lower than that in the United States (46.6 ~ 62.4%, 118 of 189 herds) ( 21 ), Hungary (70%) ( 22 ), Northern Greece (40%) ( 23 ), and northern Ethiopia (41.7%) ( 24 ), but is higher than that in Denmark (34%) ( 25 ), Germany (7.3 ~ 11.5%) ( 26 ), Belgium (7.6%) ( 26 ), Iran (25%) ( 27 ), Japan (28.2%) ( 28 ), Nepal (15.2%) ( 29 ), and Korea (5.6%) ( 30 ). The difference in prevalence between China and the United States may be due to the fact that the scale of the United States is generally larger than that in China, and the farms covered in our study are only partial farms, and there may also be some high prevalence undetected.…”

Occurrence and Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Strains along the Production Chain of Raw Milk Cheeses in Poland

“…Nowadays, studies on the prevalence and characterization of S. aureus isolated from final dairy products available for consumers are very common, with examples from China, Norway, and Greece, among other countries [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In addition, numerous articles have been published on the prevalence and characterization of S. aureus in raw milk, especially in China, Iran, and Australia [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. It is worth emphasizing that S. aureus may enter the food chain during processing and preparation of the products [ 35 ].…”

Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance and Heavy Metal Tolerance of Biofilm-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Dairy and Non-Dairy Food Products

“…This study describes the presence of multiple AMR in foodborne bacterial isolates with biofilm formation potential, in combination with heavy metal tolerance. Previous studies have indicated that dairy products made from raw milk could be the main source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten food safety [ 21 , 36 ]. This problem is pervasive in developing countries because of poor food handling methods and hygiene standards, inadequate food safety rules and regulatory systems, and unsatisfactory education of food handlers [ 37 ].…”