High Prevalence of Hypertension Among Collegiate Football Athletes

Karpinos, Ashley Rowatt; Roumie, Christianne L.; Nian, Hui; Diamond, Alex B.; Rothman, Russell L.

doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.113.000463

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A single measurement was used in five studies, but repeated in three of these if BP was high. The lowest of these values was registered in two studies18 48 and the highest in one 27. BP was recorded two and three times in six and four studies, respectively, and there was a significant difference in SBP between one and two BP recordings (127±4.7 vs 118±4.0 mm Hg, p<0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The lowest cut-off value for hypertension was BP ≥130/85 mm Hg37 and the highest cut-off value was ≥160/95 mm Hg 27. Three studies also used antihypertensive medication to define hypertension,18 29 34 one accepted self-reported hypertension18 and one only included participants with BP≤120/80 mm Hg 38…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As several studies have demonstrated increased left ventricular mass and increased left atrium size in athletes,12 it is possible that high BP may be a contributing factor13 14 that may also link to the increased risk of atrial fibrillation in endurance athletes 15–17. Hence, there is increasing interest in BP in athletes 14 18 19. BP measurement during preparticipation screening of athletes should be performed according to ‘best clinical care’,20 as outlined in the European Society of Cardiology's guidelines, with hypertension defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg after repeated measurements 21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure and hypertension in athletes: a systematic review

2015

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Objective Hypertension is reported to be the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in elite athletes. We aimed to review blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of hypertension in different elite athletes, and study whether there was an association between high BP and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods A systematic review of studies reporting BP in athletes using search strategies developed for PubMed and EMBASE, including only studies with ≥100 participants. We collected data on BP, prevalence of hypertension, LVH and methods of BP measurement. Results Of 3723 records identified, 51 met the inclusion criteria. These included men and women (n=138 390), aged mostly between 18 and 40 years, from varied sports disciplines. Mean systolic BP varied from 109±11 to 138±7 mm Hg and mean diastolic BP from 57±12 to 92±10 mm Hg. Strength-trained athletes had higher BP than endurance-trained athletes (131.3 ±5.3/77.3±1.4 vs 118.6±2.8/71.8±1.2 mm Hg, p<0.05), and there was a trend towards a higher BP in athletes training ≥10 h compared with others (121.8 ±3.8/73.8±2.5 vs 117.6±3.3/66.8±6.9, p=0.058), but overall there was no significant difference in BP between athletes and controls. The prevalence of hypertension varied from 0% to 83%. Some studies showed an association between high BP and LVH. Measurement methods were poorly standardised. Conclusions BP and prevalence of hypertension in athletes varied considerably partly because of variations in methodology, but type and intensity of training may contribute towards higher BP. High BP may be associated with LVH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure and hypertension in athletes: a systematic review

2015

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“…The prevalence figures of hypertension in athletes varies greatly between studies, being 7% for male professional football (soccer) players59 and 19% for collegiate (US) football players 60. A recent systematic review61 showed a prevalence of hypertension in the range of 0 to 45% for different populations, possibly attributable to various quality of methodology used in available studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs

et al. 2016

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Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the blood pressure (BP) of individuals with hypertension. The present review analysed the scientific evidence for the BP lowering effect of aerobic PA in 27 randomised controlled studies on individuals with hypertension, and shows that regular medium-to-high-intensity aerobic activity reduces the BP by a mean of 11/5 mm Hg (level of evidence, 3+). In addition, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on isometric (static) activity showed a BP reduction of similar magnitude in hypertensives; dynamic resistance training may show less effect, as shown in five available RCTs (level of evidence 2+). As both the prevalence of hypertension and physical inactivity are high and increasing in today's society, PA has a great role to play as a single (when indicated) or additive treatment for hypertension. Furthermore, as competitive athletes are getting older, it can be expected that more athletes at different competitive levels will have hypertension. Certain considerations must be applied regarding evaluation and treatment of hypertension in athletes. Eligibility for competitive sports may be affected if target organ damage (TOD) is present; however, an athlete with well-controlled BP, having no additional risk factors or TOD, is eligible for all sports.

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“…Hypertension is the most frequently diagnosed cardiovascular disease in the world (Karpinos et al, 2013). Recently, hypertension has been recognized as a complex multifactorial disease resulting from the interactions between many genetic and environmental factors (Bener et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of the CYP4F2 rs2108622 genetic polymorphism with hypertension: a meta-analysis

Luo¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Previous case-control studies on the relationship between the CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism and hypertension have produced contrasting results. In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the relationship between the CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism and hypertension. We selected four case-control studies related to the CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism and hypertension by searching PubMed, EMBase, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Wanfang database. We utilized the Cochran Q-test and the I 2 index to measure the heterogeneity across studies. To merge the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI), we utilized the fixed and random-effect models during the analyses. The present study included 1878 patients with hypertension and 1512 healthy control subjects. By meta-analysis, we did not find any association of the CYP4F2 gene 15134©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 15133-15139 (2015) the CYP4F2 gene rs2108622 polymorphism was not associated with hypertension.

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High Prevalence of Hypertension Among Collegiate Football Athletes

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Blood pressure and hypertension in athletes: a systematic review

Blood pressure and hypertension in athletes: a systematic review

Physical activity and exercise lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension: narrative review of 27 RCTs

Association of the CYP4F2 rs2108622 genetic polymorphism with hypertension: a meta-analysis

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