High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Kavishe, Bazil; Biraro, Samuel; Baisley, Kathy; Vanobberghen, Fiona; Kapiga, Saidi; Munderi, Paula; Smeeth, Liam; Peck, Robert; Mghamba, Janneth; Mutungi, Gerald; Ikoona, Eric Nzirakaindi; Levin, Jonathan; Monclús, Maria Assumpció Bou; Katende, David; Kisanga, Edmund; Hayes, Richard; Grosskurth, Heiner

doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0357-9

Cited by 167 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The overall prevalence of 8.0% with raised blood pressure obtained from our study in a rural adult population was lower than the studies reviewed by Mfinanga [24] where the prevalence of hypertension was 14.5%, and lower than the study of individuals aged 18 years and above in Mwanza municipality by Kavishe [10] where the prevalence of hypertension was 16.4% (95% CI 11.7%-22.4%). However Mfinanga’s review included studies restricted to elderly individuals aged 70 years and above.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…Recent literature shows the problem to be higher among individuals over 40 years of age, Africans, and those with a family history of hypertension or diabetes [5–7]. There are number of modifiable, lifestyle factors associated with hypertension including obesity, overweight, cigarette smoking, alcohol, and low physical activity [8–10]. And there are some reports of an association between hypertension and HIV although this may be due to the use of antiretroviral drugs which may cause increased blood pressure [11]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In countries undergoing the transition from rural, agricultural work to more globalized urban lifestyles the prevalence of hypertension is likely to increase [5,10]. In Tanzania a number of studies have shown a high population prevalence of hypertension ranging from 19% in rural areas to 35% in urban areas, with the highest prevalence of 70% found among individuals aged 70 years and above [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

Mosha

Mahande

Juma

et al. 2017

Global Health Action

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Background: Hypertension is a public health problem, and yet few people are aware of it and even fewer access effective treatment. With the ongoing demographic transition in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, people are changing from rural, manual work to urban lifestyles, hence the risk of hypertension increases. Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, awareness and risk factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania. Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Magu District in 2013. Information on socio-demographic, economic and lifestyle characteristics, medical conditions, and risk factors for hypertension were collected according to the WHO Steps survey tool. Measurements of blood pressure, blood sugar, pulse rate, and anthropometry were taken. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for factors associated with hypertension (Blood pressure ≥140/90mm/Hg). Frequencies and percentages were used to determine the awareness, and treatment among hypertensive participants. Results: Among 9678 participants, the prevalence of hypertension was 8.0% and pre-hypertension 36.2%. There was a higher prevalence of hypertension at older ages, among females (8.2%) compared to males (7.7%), and among urban dwellers (10.1%) compared to rural residents (6.8%). Overweight, obese, and diabetic individuals had a higher risk of hypertension while HIV positive participants had a lower risk of hypertension (OR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.39 – 0.79). Among participants with hypertension, awareness was less than 10%. Conclusion: By integrating blood pressure screening into our long-standing community HIV screening program, we were able to identify many previously undiagnosed cases of hypertension and pre-hypertension. Age, residence, overweight and obesity were the major associated factors for hypertension. Awareness and treatment rates are very low indicating the need for programs to improve awareness, and treatment of hypertension.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

Mosha

Mahande

Juma

et al. 2017

Global Health Action

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“…The perceived prevalence of 89.1% of hypertension in our study is much higher than the 27.3% found by a study in Addis Ababa (Angaw et al, 2015), 16.9% in southwest Ethiopia (Gudina, Bonsa, Gudina, & Hajito, 2014), 17% in Tanzania and 19% in Uganda (Kavishe et al, 2015). The difference could be attributed to study populations, with this study exploring the perceptions of healthcare providers' nationwide, while the previous studies were on members of the public living in specific locations.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors and Its Regional Distribution in Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Grace²

2017

GJHS

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Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing as the main cause of death, disability, unproductivity and indisposition in Ethiopia. Objectives:The objectives of this study were to establish healthcare professionals' perception on non-communicable disease risk factors and their regional distribution in Ethiopia. Methods:A mixed method sequential explanatory design was conducted with a questionnaire survey obtaining quantitative replies from 312 healthcare professionals working in 13 referral hospitals in the first phase and qualitative data among 13 hospital managers in the second phase.Results: Statistically significant prevalence of NCDs risk factors were reported with the lack of physical exercise (M=4.94, SD=.245, t (311) = 139.383; p < .0005), hypertension (M=4.89, SD=.312, t (311) = 107.021; p < .0005), and unhealthy diet (M=4.61, SD=.782, t (311) = 36.426; p < .0005) ranking as the top three leading NCDs risk factors. The prevalence and distribution of NCDs risk factors varied within Ethiopia, with a high perceived prevalence of lack of physical exercise, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, and blood glucose in Addis Ababa city followed by Amhara region. A high prevalence of tobacco use and hypertension was also observed in the regions of Benishangul Gumuz. Conclusion:The results revealed that the prevalence of NCDs risk factors are increasing in different regions of Ethiopia. Regionally specific non-communicable disease intervention strategies are required to revert the growing burden of the risk factors effectively.

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“…The International Diabetes Federation estimated Tanzania's national diabetes prevalence to be 2.3% in 2011 [6], 7.8% in 2013 [7], and 3.5% in 2015 [4]. Other studies showed diabetes rates ranging from 0.6% to 5.8% [8,9]. Prevalence of pre-diabetes, defined as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), were 10.6% in 2011 [6] and 9.08% in 2013 [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Screening Reveals High Numbers of Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in Moshi, Tanzania

Ludwig¹,

Streicher²

2017

J Diabetes Metab

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Objective: Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, have become global major health problems. In the United Republic of Tanzania, previous studies showed diabetes prevalences ranging from 0.6% to 5.8% and of pre-diabetes, from 9.1% to 10.6%. The pre-diabetes screening procedure described here was a targeted screening to recruit eligible subjects for a subsequent dietary intervention in Moshi, Tanzania. Methods:The pre-diabetes screening procedure described here was used to identify subjects for a dietary intervention in Moshi, Tanzania. Main enrollment criteria for participants were fasting plasma glucose levels of 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (100-125 mg/dL) on two days or on one day plus HbA1c in the range of 5.7-7.5% (39-58% mmol/mol), body mass index of 27-35 kg/m², and age between 30-65 years.Results: Through pre-screening of a total of 1,256 people were examined for BMI and age; 382 people were further screened for markers of pre-diabetes. Following ADA and WHO-criteria, 51% (73%) had normal, 35% (13%) pre-diabetic, and 15% (15%) diabetic fasting plasma glucose levels. Among the individuals with hyperglycemia indicating diabetes mellitus, 60% were unaware of their condition. Applying ADA criteria for HbA1c to all people, 42% had normal, 42% had pre-diabetic, and 16% had diabetic HbA1c levels. Identified risk factors for increased fasting plasma glucose were age, waist circumference, body mass index, and a family history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion:Although the screening sample was not representative for the study area's population and not diagnostic, the high rates of pre-diabetic and diabetic fasting plasma glucose levels are of public health concern. The low concordance between the data for FPG and HbA1c requires further investigation, as well as the discrepancy between ADA and WHO definitions of impaired fasting glucose.

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High prevalence of hypertension and of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs): a population based cross-sectional survey of NCDS and HIV infection in Northwestern Tanzania and Southern Uganda

Cited by 167 publications

References 49 publications

Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

Prevalence,awareness and factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania

Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors and Its Regional Distribution in Ethiopia

Targeted Screening Reveals High Numbers of Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus in Moshi, Tanzania

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