High Prevalence of <i>Mansonella ozzardi</i> Infection in the Amazon Region, Ecuador

Calvopiña, Manuel; Guacho, Carlos Vinicio Chiluisa; Toapanta, Alberto; Fonseca, David Pablo Cavalcanti da; Villacrés, Irina

doi:10.3201/eid2511.181964

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…M. ozzardi infections have been reported from many countries in South America, Central America, and some Caribbean Islands (Lima et al, 2018;TaTang et al,2018;Tavares de Silva et al, 2017;Raccurt et al, 2018;Ferriera et al, 2021). Co-infections of M. perstans and M. ozzardi, together with other filarial parasites, have also been reported in South America (Kozek et al, 1983;Calvopina et al, (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M. ozzardi infections have been reported from many countries in South America, Central America, and some Caribbean Islands (Lima et al, 2018; Ta-Tang et al,2018; Tavares de Silva et al, 2017; Raccurt et al, 2018; Ferriera et al, 2021). Co-infections of M. perstans and M. ozzardi , together with other filarial parasites, have also been reported in South America (Kozek et al, 1983; Calvopina et al, 2019), making their treatment challenging as the two species respond differently to the commonly used anti-filarial drugs such as ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or mebendazole (Chadee et al, 1995; Ta-Tang et al, 2018). The recent development of highly specific, simple molecular tests which can distinguish M. perstans and M. ozzardi , and do not cross-react with other filarial parasites (Poole et al, 2019), will facilitate an effective treatment regimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomes of the human filarial parasitesMansonella perstansandMansonella ozzardi

Sinha

Poole

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The filarial parasitesMansonella ozzardiandMansonella perstans, causative agents of mansonellosis, infect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, yet remain among the most understudied of the human filarial pathogens.M. ozzardiis highly prevalent in Latin American countries and Caribbean Islands, whileM. perstansis predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa as well in a few areas in South America. In addition to the differences in their geographical distribution, the two parasites are transmitted by different insect vectors, as well as exhibit differences in their responses to commonly used anthelminthic drugs. The lack of genome information has hindered investigations into the biology and evolution of Mansonella parasites and understanding the molecular basis of the clinical differences between species. In the current study, high quality genomes of two independent clinical isolates ofM. perstansfrom Cameroon and twoM. ozzardiisolates one from Brazil and one from Venezuela are reported. The genomes are approximately 76 Mb in size, encode about 10,000 genes each, and are largely complete based on BUSCO scores of about 90%, similar to other completed filarial genomes. These sequences represent the first genomes from Mansonella parasites and enabled a comparative genomic analysis of the similarities and differences between Mansonella and other filarial parasites. Horizontal DNA transfers (HDT) from mitochondria (nuMTs) as well as transfers from genomes of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria (nuWTs) to the host nuclear genome were identified and analyzed. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of known targets of anti-filarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin and mebendazole revealed thatM. ozzardilacks an ortholog ofgon-2, a target for DEC, whileM. perstanslacks an ortholog ofavr-14, a target of ivermectin. These new reference genome sequences will provide a valuable resource for further studies on biology, symbiosis, evolution and drug discovery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes of the human filarial parasitesMansonella perstansandMansonella ozzardi

Sinha

Poole

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…microscopy) may occasionally lead to misclassification of these two species [32]. Infection rates of Mansonella species in human populations may vary widely both within a particular geographic region and in a particular area over time [13, [33][34][35].The natural environment (e.g. temperature, humidity and elevation) also plays an important role in the epidemiology of filariasis, through its impact on vector distribution.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen (29Á8%) of the 47 patients who had reactions had been transfused with blood from donors who were positive for microfilariae, filarial antigen and/or antibodies. Notable limitations of this study included the absence of a control group, and Serology [103], blood smear, ICT, NAT [25] Genus level serology [103,104], blood smear, ICT, NAT [25] Blood smear, NAT [105] genus level serology [104] Thick and thin smear [42] NAT [42,106], serology [25] Thick and thin smears, NAT [33,51], serology [25] Skin snips NAT, serology [25] lack of information on the timing of testing relative to transfusion.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation/pathology Of Transfusiontransmitted Filariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filariasis and transfusion‐associated risk: a literature review

et al. 2021

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Background and objectives Filariae are parasitic worms that include the pathogens Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia spp. and Mansonella spp. which are endemic in parts of Africa, Asia, Asia‐Pacific, South and Central America. Filariae have a wide clinical spectrum spanning asymptomatic infection to chronic debilitating disease including blindness and lymphedema. Despite successful eradication programmes, filarial infections remain an important –albeit neglected – source of morbidity. We sought to characterize the risk of transfusion transmission of microfilaria with a view to guide mitigation practices in both endemic and non‐endemic countries. Materials and methods A scoping review of scientific publications as well as grey literature was carried out by a group of domain experts in microbiology, transfusion medicine and infectious diseases, representing the parasite subgroup of the International Society of Blood Transfusion. Results Cases of transfusion‐transmitted filariasis are rare and confined to case reports of variable quality. Transfusion‐associated adverse events related to microfilariae are confined to isolated reports of transfusion reactions. Serious outcomes have not been reported. No known strategies have been implemented, specifically, to mitigate transfusion‐transmitted filariasis yet routine blood donor screening for other transfusion‐transmissible infections (e.g. hepatitis B, malaria) may indirectly defer donors with microfilaremia in endemic areas. Conclusion Rare examples of transfusion‐transmitted filariasis, without serious clinical effect, suggest that filariasis poses low transfusion risk. Dedicated mitigation strategies against filarial transfusion transmission are not recommended. Given endemicity in low‐resource regions, priority should be on the control of filariasis with public health measures.

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Filarial Nematodes

Showler,

Nutman

2023

ClinMicroNow

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Filarial worms are arthropod‐transmitted nematodes that dwell, as adults, in the subcutaneous tissues and the lymphatics. Although eight filarial species infect humans, four are responsible for most of the pathology associated with these infections: Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Onchocerca volvulus , and Loa loa . The taxonomy of these parasites follows a newly adopted molecular approach. All filariae go through a complex life cycle that includes an infective larval stage carried by the insects and an adult worm stage that resides in humans, either in the lymph nodes, the adjacent lymphatics, the subcutaneous tissue, or the pleural/peritoneal cavities. There are significant differences in the clinical manifestations of filarial infections, or at least in the period over which the manifestations present, between patients native to the areas of endemicity and those who are travelers or recent arrivals in these same areas.

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High Prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi Infection in the Amazon Region, Ecuador

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Genomes of the human filarial parasitesMansonella perstansandMansonella ozzardi

Genomes of the human filarial parasitesMansonella perstansandMansonella ozzardi

Filariasis and transfusion‐associated risk: a literature review

Filarial Nematodes

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