High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

Li, Wei; Guan, Dawei; Su, Juan; Takeda, Naokazu; Wakita, Takaji; Li, Tiancheng; Ke, Chang Wen

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.03.017

Cited by 61 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Following that report, we and other groups have also found HEV-C1 in Vietnam, U.S.A., Indonesia, Denmark and China [10, 12, 13, 14, 17], suggesting a worldwide distribution of HEV-C1. HEV-C1 is genetically distant from human HEV: nucleotide sequence identity of entire genome is about 55%, and amino acid sequence identities of ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3 proteins are about 50%, 55% and 30%, respectively [4, 7].…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Shimizu

Hamaguchi

Ngo

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Zoonotic potential of a rat-derived hepatitis E virus (HEV), designated as HEV-C1, remains unknown. To evaluate the risk for HEV-C1 infection in humans, paired sera of 208 hospitalized febrile patients collected from 2001 to 2003 in Hanoi, Vietnam, were examined for IgG antibodies to HEV-C1 and genotype 1 HEV (HEV-1), which is common in humans. IgG antibodies to virus-like particles (VLPs) of HEV-C1 and/or HEV-1 were detected from 99 of the 208 convalescent sera in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG antibody titers to HEV-C1 antigen in 3 of the 99 sera were more than 8-fold higher than those to HEV-1 antigen. IgM antibodies to HEV-C1 antigen were detected in acute sera from 2 of the 3 patients in ELISA and Western blotting. However, no HEV genome was detected. Clinical information was available for 1 of the 2 patients. Hepatic enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, were mildly elevated (156 IU/l and 68 IU/l, respectively), and hepatomegaly was detected by ultrasonography. The patient recovered from the illness after 17 days. These results indicated that HEV-C1 or its variants infect humans in Vietnam and may cause acute febrile illness with mild liver dysfunction.

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Shimizu

Hamaguchi

Ngo

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The relationship between different genders of pets was weak enough that it might not represent a risk factor for HEV infection. Rodents are one probable reservoir, especially for companion animals, and it has recently been reported in Japan and China that wild rats have been found to be infected with HEV [24], [25]. A recent study suggested that rodent hunting by cats could be a reason for the higher levels of HEV antibodies [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Serosurvey among Pet Dogs and Cats in Several Developed Cities in China

et al. 2014

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Infection by Hepatitis E virus (HEV), as a zoonotic disease virus, is well studied in pigs in China, but few studies in pets have been performed. This study was designed to characterize the prevalence of HEV infection among pet dogs and cats in major metropolitan areas of China. We conducted a seroepidemiological survey from 2012 to 2013 in 5 developed cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Canton, Shenzhen and Macao, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall HEV seroprevalence in 658 dog and 191 cat serum samples was 21.12% and 6.28%, respectively. The analysis in dogs suggested that there were significant differences among cities, and the positive rate of HEV-specific antibody in all cities ranged from 6.06% (Shenzhen) to 29.34% (Beijing). Older pet cats have a high risk (OR, 10.25) for HEV seropositivity, but no strong relationship was observed between different genders and age groups. Additionally, it was revealed that stray dogs, omnivorous pet dogs and pet cats who share food, such as kitchen residue, with the general population would have a higher risk for HEV seropositivity. The odds ratios for these groups are 2.40, 2.83 and 5.39, respectively, compared with pet dogs and cats fed on commercial food. In this study, we first report that HEV is prevalent in pet dogs and cats in several large cities in China. Swill and kitchen residue may be a potential risk for HEV transmission from human to pets. As the sample size was relatively small in this study and may not be fully representative of China, further investigation is required to confirm the conclusions.

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“…Genotype C1 includes strains isolated from rat (Figure 1). However, some variants with incomplete sequences, isolated from bandicoot and Asian musk shrew, cluster also in this genotype [58,59]. The phylogeny analysis of the full genomes available shows three different clusters within this genotype that may constitute three possible subtypes (Figure 1).…”

Section: Hev Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

Doceul

Bagdassarian

Demange

et al. 2016

Viruses

218

199

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During the past ten years, several new hepatitis E viruses (HEVs) have been identified in various animal species. In parallel, the number of reports of autochthonous hepatitis E in Western countries has increased as well, raising the question of what role these possible animal reservoirs play in human infections. The aim of this review is to present the recent discoveries of animal HEVs and their classification within the Hepeviridae family, their zoonotic and species barrier crossing potential, and possible use as models to study hepatitis E pathogenesis. Lastly, this review describes the transmission pathways identified from animal sources.

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High prevalence of rat hepatitis E virus in wild rats in China

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Serological evidence of infection with rodent-borne hepatitis E virus HEV-C1 or antigenically related virus in humans

Hepatitis E Virus Serosurvey among Pet Dogs and Cats in Several Developed Cities in China

Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus: Classiﬁcation, Animal Reservoirs and Transmission Routes

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