High Prevalence of Symptomatic Hepatitis A Infection in Rural Area of Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Karimi, Ali; Mortazaei, S; Moradi, Mohammad-Taghi

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/9798.5515

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results are in line with those found in our previous report of a study performed using environmental samples (4) and in other seroprevalence studies demonstrating that higher HAV rates were found in the inland region and in the south of Tunisia (37,41) than in big coastal cities (36,37). It has been reported that HAV infection is still highly endemic in developing countries, with differences in epidemiological patterns that are mainly associated with the development of socioeconomic and hygienic conditions (3,6,7,12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…It was previously demonstrated that areas with inadequate water supply and poor wastewater facilities and hygienic conditions generally have very high HAV prevalence (3,4). Thus, the geographic distribution pattern of HAV is highly correlated to the socioeconomic level and sanitary conditions (5)(6)(7). In fact, HAV infection is highly endemic in developing regions, e.g., in South Mediterranean regions (6,8), where it is still frequently detected in wastewaters (9), while it is much less frequently detected in industrialized countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the main causative agent of hepatitis infection associated with waterborne outbreaks worldwide. In Tunisia, there is no specific surveillance system for HAV and current secondary wastewater treatment processes are unable to remove viral particles, which present a potential public health problem. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of HAV in 271 raw and treated wastewater samples from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during 13 months was performed. Moreover, the efficiency of three secondary wastewater treatment processes (conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, and oxidation ditch activated sludge) was evaluated. Data obtained demonstrated that HAV is endemic in Tunisia and circulates with high prevalence in both raw (66.9%) and treated (40.7%) wastewater. HAV circulates throughout the year in the coastal areas, with the highest rates found during summer and autumn, whereas in central Tunisia, high levels were shown in autumn and winter. Total virus removal was not achieved, since no difference in mean HAV loads was observed in effluents (6.0 ؋ 10 3 genome copies [GC]/ml) and influents (2.7 ؋ 10 3 GC/ml). The comparison of the HAV removal values of the three different wastewater treatment methods indicates that extended aeration and oxidation ditch activated sludge had better efficiency in removing viruses than conventional activated sludge did. Molecular characterization revealed that the vast majority of HAV strains belonged to subgenotype IA, with the cocirculation of subgenotype IB in wastewater treatment plants that collect tourism wastewater. IMPORTANCEThis report provides important data on the incidence, behavior, seasonality, and genotype distribution of HAV in the environment in Tunisia, as well as the risk of infection derived from its occurrence in effluents due to inadequate wastewater treatment. In addition, these findings seem to confirm that the prevalence of HAV depends on socioeconomic level, sanitary conditions in the communities, sewage facilities, the locality, and the climate. The wide dispersion of HAV in effluents proves the inefficacity of the current wastewater treatment processes used in Tunisia to remove virus; therefore, establishment of tertiary treatment processes or replacement of the medium-charge activated sludge (conventional activated sludge) by the low-charge version (oxidation ditch activated sludge) is absolutely needed. Rapid detection of the HAV genome in wastewater may provide a timely warning sign to health authorities to implement population protection measures. H epatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most important human waterborne viruses and constitutes the main cause of human enteric hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route (1). It is widely prevalent in the world, as millions of new cases of HAV infections occur worldwide every year (2). It was previously demonstrated that areas with inadequate water supply and poor wastewater facilities and hygienic conditions generally have very high HAV prevalence (3, 4). Th...

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Children with increase travel to tropics are at a higher risk of hepatitis A infections as compared to the adults, most commonly due to the food borne illnesses, hepatitis A infection frequency in this study is found to be 10.8%, hepatitis A can be prevented through vaccination at child hood, prevalence of hepatitis A infection is higher in region where food & water are of no quality control commonly in the rural areas [21,22] , prevalence of hepatitis A in paediatric patient of Iran was 70% [22] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Frequency of Diagnosed Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases in Paediatric out Patient Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan

Faraz

Aziz²,

Shahid³

2016

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 162 children 34.1% (n.r) Darwish et al, 1992 82 n.r. 200 adult pts, 20–40 y 4.5% (9) Iran Karimi et al, 2015 57 2010 70 pts 68.6% (48) Iraq Al-Naaimi et al, 2012 114 2010–2011 2,629 pts, all ages 44.8% (1,206) Turky et al, 2011 117 2005–2006 2,975 pts, all ages 41% (1,219) Marcus et al, 1993 115 n.r. 107 pts, 1.5–65 y 40.2% (43) Rassam et al, 1989 116 n.r.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a comprehensive review

Badur¹,

Öztürk²,

AbdelGhany³

et al. 2022

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction With 583 million inhabitants, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is a worldwide hub for travel, migration, and food trade. However, there is a scarcity of data on the epidemiology of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Methods The MEDLINE and grey literature were systematically searched for HAV epidemiological data relevant to the EMR region published between 1980 and 2020 in English, French, or Arabic. Results Overall, 123 publications were extracted. The proportion of HAV cases among acute viral hepatitis cases was high. HAV seroprevalence rate ranged from 5.7% to 100.0% and it was decreasing over time while the average age at infection increased. Conclusion In the EMR, HAV remains a significant cause of acute viral hepatitis. The observed endemicity shift will likely increase disease burden as the population ages. Vaccinating children and adopting sanitary measures are still essential to disease prevention; vaccinating at-risk groups might reduce disease burden even further.

show abstract

High Prevalence of Symptomatic Hepatitis A Infection in Rural Area of Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Frequency of Diagnosed Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases in Paediatric out Patient Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, Pakistan

Hepatitis A in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a comprehensive review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About