High Proton Conductivity of 3D Graphene Oxide Intercalated with Aromatic Sulfonic Acids

Abstract

The development of efficient proton conductors that are capable of high power density, sufficient mechanical strength, and reduced gas permeability is challenging. Herein, we report the development of a series of aromatic sulfonic acid/graphene oxide hybrid membranes incorporating benzene sulfonic acid (BS), naphthalene sulfonic acid (NS), naphthalene disulfonic acid (DS) or pyrene sulfonic acid (PS) using a facile freeze dried method. For out-of-plane proton conductivity, the 3DGO-BS and 3DGO-NS yielded proton conductivities of 4.4 × 10 À 2 S cm À 1 and 3.1 × 10 À 2 S cm À 1 , respectively; this represents a two-times higher value than that which occurs for three dimensional graphene oxide (3DGO). Additionally, the respective prepared films as membranes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) show maximum power density of 98.76 mW cm À 2 for 3DGO-NS while it is 92.75 mW cm À 2 for 3DGO-BS which are close to double that obtained for 3DGO (50 mW cm À 2 ).[a] M.

Exploring Recent Developments in Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for Fuel Cell Applications: A Comprehensive Overview

“…According to a different method, PEMFC effectiveness can be increased by adding a dopant that has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains, such as aromatic sulfonic acids, as shown in Figure 6 . Consequently, the hybrid’s water content rises when sulfonic acid functionality is present, and the hydrophobic aromatic group greatly enhances the film’s mechanical strength [ 129 ]. The proton transmission behavior of composite 3DGO components is described as occurring after their individual incorporation alongside benzene sulfonic acid (BS), naphthalene sulfonic acid (NS), naphthalene disulfonic acid (DS), and pyrene sulfonic acid (PS), according to a study by Rahman et al Figure 7 a displays the PXRD scatters of the 3DGO variations.…”

“…( c ) Mechanism of proton conductivity in 2DGO. ( d ) Mechanism of proton conductivity in 3DGO aromatic sulfonic acid [ 129 ].…”

Enhanced OH− conductivity from 3D alkaline graphene oxide electrolytes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

“…Moreover, the broad intercalation chemistry and facile functionalization of GO contribute to improved conducting properties. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] To fine-tune GO's chemical properties, the aqueous dispersion's pH can be controlled under ambient conditions, allowing for versatile applications. Under alkaline conditions, reversible epoxy-hydroxyl conversions occur in the epoxy groups of GO, accompanied by changes in the electronic states of the GO sheets.…”

Thermally stable proton conductivity from nanodiamond oxide

“…[1][2][3] As a possible alternative, during past years, a number of carbon-based proton conductors, including graphene oxide (GO) based proton conductors, with low material cost and efficient proton conductivity have been introduced. [4][5][6] Even though a considerable proton conductivity can be maintained in GO-based materials, nevertheless, the decomposition of functional groups at elevated temperatures is still a barrier for GO based proton conductors in high-temperature applications or repeated activity in their application. 7 Focusing on thermally stable proton conductors, we consider the surface-modified nanodiamond (ND) materials showing thermally stable proton conductivity.…”

“…In past years, many studies have documented GO as a possible alternative to Nafion. 5,6,17,18 The unique surface chemistry of graphene oxide, specifically the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, allows for proton conductivity. 2 However, at the elevated temperature of over 100 1C the epoxy group of GO decomposes, and the proton conductivity decreases drastically, limiting its practical applications.…”