High-Quality-Factor Silicon-on-Lithium Niobate Metasurfaces for Electro-optically Reconfigurable Wavefront Shaping

Klopfer, Elissa; Dagli, Sahil; Barton, David R.; Lawrence, Mark; Dionne, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04723

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We develop a nonlocal metasurface based on the LiNbO 3 -on-insulator platform, which was recently used for various applications including electro-optic modulation (24,25) and classical optical frequency conversion (26). The LiNbO 3 material features large second-order susceptibility, low fluorescence, and high optical transmission in a broad wavelength range (27,28), which are essential for the quality of generated photon pairs.…”

Section: Concept and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Zhang

Parry

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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Metasurfaces consisting of nanoscale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light. Multiphoton states that are entangled in spatial or angular domains are an essential resource for many quantum applications; however, their production traditionally relies on bulky nonlinear crystals. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate covered by a silica meta-grating. We measure the correlations of photon pairs and identify their spatial antibunching through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, witnessing the presence of multimode entanglement. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times as compared to unpatterned films because of high-quality-factor resonances. These results pave the way to miniaturization of various quantum devices by incorporating ultrathin metasurfaces functioning as room temperature sources of quantum-entangled photons.

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Section: Concept and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Zhang

Parry

et al. 2022

Sci. Adv.

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“…We develop a nonlocal metasurface based on the LiNbO 3 -on-insulator platform, which was recently employed for various applications including electro-optic modulation [22,23] and classical optical frequency conversion [24]. The LiNbO 3 material features large secondorder susceptibility, low fluorescence, and high optical transmission in a broad wavelength range [25,26], which is essential for the quality of generated photon pairs.…”

Section: Concept and Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially entangled photon-pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Zhang,

Ma,

Parry

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Metasurfaces consisting of nano-scale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light.Multi-photon states that are entangled in spatial or angular domains are an essential resource for quantum imaging and sensing applications, however their production traditionally relies on bulky nonlinear crystals. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate. This is achieved through nonlocal resonances with tailored angular dispersion mediated by an integrated silica meta-grating, enabling control of the emission pattern and associated quantum states of photon pairs by designing the grating profile and tuning the pump frequency. We measure the correlations of photon positions and identify their spatial anti-bunching through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, witnessing the presence of multi-mode entanglement. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times as compared to unpatterned films due to high-quality-factor metasurface resonances, and the coincidence to accidental ratio reaches 5000. These results pave the way to miniaturization of various quantum devices by incorporating ultra-thin metasurfaces functioning as room-temperature sources of quantum-entangled photons.

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“…One of the main ways to achieve this is by using the phase shift which occurs in a resonant antenna where light and matter strongly couple. − To tune the resonance, several parameters can be changed, many designs modify a geometric feature to achieve phase control with their response fixed at fabrication. , Some designs are switchable and possess two operating states − but to achieve a fully reconfigurable device with a large number of degrees of freedom, each antenna must be individually controlled post-fabrication . For a given geometry, one can change the material properties using the electro-optic effect, carrier doping, − thermo-optic effect, or phase-change materials like germanium–antimony–tellurium alloys (GST) − or vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ). GST-based resonant metasurfaces have been experimentally tested, but the difficulties of experimentally changing its material have only recently been partially lifted .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Driven Reprogrammable Vanadium Dioxide Metasurface Using Binary Control for Broadband Beam Steering

Proffit

Pelivani

Landais

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Resonant optical phased arrays are a promising way to reach fully reconfigurable metasurfaces in the optical and nearinfrared (NIR) regimes with low energy consumption, low footprint, and high reliability. Continuously tunable resonant structures suffer from inherent drawbacks such as low phase range, amplitude-phase correlation, or extreme sensitivity that makes precise control at the individual element level very challenging. We computationally investigate 1-bit (binary) control as a mechanism to bypass these issues. We consider a metasurface for beam steering using a nanoresonator antenna and explore the theoretical capabilities of such phased arrays. A thermally realistic structure based on vanadium dioxide sandwiched in a metal−insulator− metal structure is proposed and optimized using inverse design to enhance its performance at 1550 nm. Continuous beam steering over 90°range is successfully achieved using binary control, with excellent agreement with predictions based on the theoretical first-principles description of phased arrays. Furthermore, a broadband response from 1500 to 1700 nm is achieved. The robustness to the design manufacturing imperfections is also demonstrated. This simplified approach can be implemented to optimize tunable nanophotonic phased array metasurfaces based on other materials or phased shifting mechanisms for various functionalities.

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High-Quality-Factor Silicon-on-Lithium Niobate Metasurfaces for Electro-optically Reconfigurable Wavefront Shaping

Cited by 58 publications

References 46 publications

Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Spatially entangled photon pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Spatially entangled photon-pairs from lithium niobate nonlocal metasurfaces

Electrically Driven Reprogrammable Vanadium Dioxide Metasurface Using Binary Control for Broadband Beam Steering

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