High rate of reinfection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Nguyen, Nhu Ngoc; Houhamdi, Linda; Hoang, Van Thuan; Stoupan, Didier; Fournier, Pierre‐Edouard; Raoult, Didier; Colson, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.034

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Of the 3282 papers initially retrieved, we included 91 cohort studies evaluating the onset of reinfection, severe and very severe/lethal COVID‐19 among 15,034,624 previously infected subjects (Figure 1), either among health care workers (27 publications; n = 37,598 2,8,9,15,17,24,36,38,42–59 ) or in the general population (67 publications; n = 14,997,026 3–7,10,12,16–23,25–27,43,49,60–106 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, a total of 158,478 reinfections were recorded among the 15,034,624 subjects with a previous infection, 2–10,12,13,15–27,36,38,42–107 corresponding to a pooled rate of 0.97% (95% CI: 0.71%–1.27%—Table 1; Figure 2). The summary rate of reinfection rose to 1.07% (95% CI: 0.73%–1.46%) when only the 69 datasets with a more conservative time lag of ≥90 days between the two episodes were considered 3–6,8–10,12,18–23,25,26,36,42–44,46–50,52–56,59,61–65,67–69,72–84,86,87,89,91–96,98,101,103,105–107 and it slightly varied by reinfection definition criteria (0.93% vs 1.01% when considering studies with high vs low risk of misclassification). The risk of reinfection was higher among health care workers as compared to the general population (1.20% vs 0.90), and among females (0.79% vs 0.55% among males), although these estimates showed largely overlapping confidence intervals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of the participants ranged from 15 to 87 years, and the average follow‐up ranged from 29 to 371 days. Overall, 38 publications strictly followed the CDC criteria to identify the reinfections and were classified at low risk of misclassification bias 10,16,19,20,22–24,26,36,44,45,48–50,54,56,58,59,68,71,72,75,84,86,89–91,94,99,100,102 . All but five studies ( n = 3,854,961) 66,71,88,91,96 were completed before the emergence of BA.1/B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of reinfection and disease afterSARS‐CoV‐2 primary infection: Meta‐analysis

Flacco

Martellucci

Baccolini³

et al. 2022

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Introduction A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfections would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions previously infected subjects. We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the risk of reinfection and COVID‐19 following primary infection. Methods We searched MedLine, Scopus and preprint repositories for cohort studies evaluating the onset of new infections among baseline SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive subjects. Random‐effect meta‐analyses of proportions were stratified by gender, exposure risk, vaccination status, viral strain, time between episodes, and reinfection definition. Results Ninety‐one studies, enrolling 15,034,624 subjects, were included. Overall, 158,478 reinfections were recorded, corresponding to a pooled rate of 0.97% (95% CI: 0.71%–1.27%), with no substantial differences by definition criteria, exposure risk or gender. Reinfection rates were still 0.66% after ≥12 months from first infection, and the risk was substantially lower among vaccinated subjects (0.32% vs. 0.74% for unvaccinated individuals). During the first 3 months of Omicron wave, the reinfection rates reached 3.31%. Overall rates of severe/lethal COVID‐19 were very low (2–7 per 10,000 subjects according to definition criteria) and were not affected by strain predominance. Conclusions A strong natural immunity follows the primary infection and may last for more than one year, suggesting that the risk and health care needs of recovered subjects might be limited. Although the reinfection rates considerably increased during the Omicron wave, the risk of a secondary severe or lethal disease remained very low. The risk–benefit profile of multiple vaccine doses for this subset of population needs to be carefully evaluated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk of reinfection and disease afterSARS‐CoV‐2 primary infection: Meta‐analysis

Flacco

Martellucci

Baccolini³

et al. 2022

Eur J Clin Investigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As genetic variability in the virus increases and is maintained in the population, infections with one version of the virus may not afford protection against others. It is likely that this scenario is occurring with the arrival of the Omicron variant which exhibits great antigenic (genomic) diversity relative to previous lineages [26] . A novel vaccination strategy, geared toward time-relevant variants and their sub-lineages may become necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid repeat infection of SARS-CoV-2 by two highly distinct delta-lineage viruses

Gorzalski

Boyles²,

Sepcic

et al. 2022

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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“…we read with great interest the letter by Nguyen et al [1] , that the number of reinfections in the omicron wave increased to 6,8%, but did not occur in BA1 to BA2. They further describe the installation of an automatic system, which, in accordance with the CDC recommendations for the probability of reinfections, detects reinfections after a period of at least 90 days.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%