High refractive index transparent nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization

Tsai, Chieh-Ming; Hsu, Shu‐Han; Ho, Chih‐Hsiang; Tu, Yu-Chieh; Tsai, Hsin-Chien; Wang, Chung-An; Su, Wei‐Fang

doi:10.1039/c3tc32374a

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Irgacure 651 photoinitiator [86] Poly [114] tion direction, and r is the distance between the particle center and the observer. The Rayleigh theory has been used for describing the reduction of light intensity due to scattering in composites.…”

Section: Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting mixture was exposed to γ-ray irradiation to conceive transparent nanocomposite [83]. Other examples reported photo-initiated free radical polymerization to produce polyacrylic-based nanocomposites filled by either ZnO [84], SiO 2 [85], or TiO2 [86]. For example, the radical polymerization of either vinyl benzyl alcohol monomer or ethoxylated (6) bisphenol A dimethacrylate was performed in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized by different ligands to produce a series of nanocomposites with different levels of transparency (acrylic acid, hexanoic acid or benzylic acid) [86].…”

Section: In Situ Polymerization In the Presence Of Inorganic Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other examples reported photo-initiated free radical polymerization to produce polyacrylic-based nanocomposites filled by either ZnO [84], SiO 2 [85], or TiO2 [86]. For example, the radical polymerization of either vinyl benzyl alcohol monomer or ethoxylated (6) bisphenol A dimethacrylate was performed in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized by different ligands to produce a series of nanocomposites with different levels of transparency (acrylic acid, hexanoic acid or benzylic acid) [86]. It is worth mentioning that the rate of vinyl benzyl alcohol polymerization is higher for acetic acid-surface functionalized TiO2 in comparison with phenyl acetic acid-TiO2 [86].…”

Section: In Situ Polymerization In the Presence Of Inorganic Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent polymer nanocomposites: An overview on their synthesis and advanced properties

Loste

Lopez‐Cuesta

Billon

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

245

147

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Since the last decade, there has been an increasing demand for the design of more advanced functional materials. The integration of inorganic nanoparticles to polymer matrices is a powerful tool to confer their fascinating and complementary properties to the polymer materials. Among the different polymer nanocomposites, transparent nanocomposites are of particular interest due to their significance in a wide range of applications. To achieve a high level of transparency in the nanocomposites, it is necessary to minimize the aggregation of the nanoparticles that induce significant light scattering and thus hamper the application for transparent materials. The basic concepts of light scattering, the refractive index modulation and the methods to characterize the transparency of nanocomposites are provided to introduce this review. The fabrication of the Abbreviations: Ag, silver; Al 2 O 3 , alumina; APTMS, (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane; ATO, antimony-doped tin oxide; Au, gold; CaCO 3 , calcium carbonate; CaF 2 , calcium fluoride; CdS

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Section: Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Polymerization In the Presence Of Inorganic Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Polymerization In the Presence Of Inorganic Nanopartmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transparent polymer nanocomposites: An overview on their synthesis and advanced properties

Loste

Lopez‐Cuesta

Billon

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

245

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From Figure 2 it is easy to see that at a wavelength shorter than 400 nm the transparency is extremely small (up to 25%, Figure 2 It seems important to mention that the transparent nanocomposites discussed in [29] are prepared using different fabrication methods aiming at proper nanoparticle dispersion as well as perfect matrix-filler adhesion. The methods used are: (i) blending methodology (melt blending or solution blending) [27,30,35,; (ii) in situ polymerization in the presence of inorganic particles [67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]; (iii) in situ particle formation in preformed polymer matrix ; (iv) simultaneous in situ particle and polymer matrix formation [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]; (v) casting of polymer solution loaded with core-shell nanoparticles [52,120,121,[125][126][127][128][129][130][131]…”

Section: Do Polymer Nanocomposites Prepared Via Blending a Polymer Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nanocomposites: Why their mechanical performance does not justify the expectation and a possible solution to the problem?

Fakirov¹

2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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The expected order-of-magnitude enhancement in modulus (at loadings less than 1%) of polymer nanocomposites has proven elusive-the observed improvements are 10-35% only. The failure of the concept has been attributed to poor dispersion, poor interfacial load transfer, process-related deficiencies, and others. Due to the inherent property of the nano-size materials, their extremely high specific surface, they tend to agglomerate, and their further dispersion in the matrix component is practically impossible. For this reason, the composites prepared via blending a polymer with a nano-size material are microcomposites instead of nanocomposites, as demonstrated by light scattering studies. So long as reliable tools and/or techniques for proper dispersion of nanomaterials are missing, we must use methods free of the dispersion step in the manufacturing process. The relatively new 'concept of converting instead of adding' offers two such techniques-instead to take the matrix and the reinforcement in their final form and blend them, one takes one component only and during the processing creates the missing second component. Both approaches result in true nanocomposites with superior mechanical performance-the improvements of the tensile strength for nanofibrillar polymer-polymer and single polymer composites are up to 200 and 440%, respectively, (or even up to 650% if trans-reaction catalyst is used).

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“…Titania is one of the most common nanoparticles used, with an RI of 2.450 as anatase or 2.571 as rutile . While rutile would appear to be the better choice for composites, it is challenging to synthesize the required small nanoparticles; particles above 50 nm give undesirable scattering effects . Increasing the TiO 2 content can increase the RI but may also induce cracks on the surface of the nanocomposite .…”

Section: Nanocomposite Hripsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic high refractive index polymers

2014

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As the ubiquity and complexity of optical devices grows, our technology becomes more dependent on specialized functional materials. One area of continued interest is in high refractive index polymers as lightweight, processable and inexpensive alternatives to silicon and glass. In addition to a high refractive index, optical applications require these polymers to be transparent and have a low optical dispersion. Both nanocomposite and intrinsic high refractive index polymers offer particular advantages and disadvantages. While nanocomposite high refractive index polymers have refractive indices above 1.80, the nanoparticle type, content and size can negatively affect storage stability and processability. Alternatively, intrinsic high refractive index polymers are prepared by introducing an atom or substituent with a high molar refraction into a polymer chain; the resultant polymers are easier to store, transport, tune and process. Polymers containing aromatic groups, halogens (except fluorine), phosphorus, silicon, fullerenes and organometallic moieties have all shown significant promise. Many factors can affect intrinsic high refractive index polymer performance including molecular packing, molar volume, chain flexibility and substituent content. This mini-review summarizes the principles behind and recent developments in intrinsic high refractive index polymers.

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High refractive index transparent nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Transparent polymer nanocomposites: An overview on their synthesis and advanced properties

Transparent polymer nanocomposites: An overview on their synthesis and advanced properties

Polymer nanocomposites: Why their mechanical performance does not justify the expectation and a possible solution to the problem?

Intrinsic high refractive index polymers

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