IntroductionDue to the exceptional importance of hydrogen bonds in biology and chemistry the detailed investigation of their structure and dynamics has attracted the attention of several experimental and theoretical groups. Laser spectroscopic measurements and quantum mechanical calculations have led, in recent years, to remarkable progress towards the detailed understanding of important prototype systems such as (NH 3 ) 2 [1], (H 2 O) 2 [2], and DNA base pairs [3].Double hydrogen bonded systems play a crucial role in that they serve as model systems for the understanding of DNA base pairs. Proton transfer is of fundamental interest for biology as well as being a fundamental reaction in chemistry [4,5]. Moreover, multiple-proton transfer in hydrogen bonded systems is one of the most fundamental processes in biology and chemistry. It governs oxidationreduction reactions in many chemical and biological reactions [6]. In proton pumping mechanisms of trans membrane proteins protons are transported across the membrane by subsequent proton transfer. These reactions may incorporate strong quantum effects due to the low mass of the proton. The observation of pronounced isotopic effects is taken as an indication of a strong tunneling contribution. In contrast, the classical transmission probability is zero as long as the energy of the particle is lower than the barrier height (V ‡ ) and is equal to 1 if the energy (E) exceeds this. For an ensemble at temperature T this leads to the well known Arrhenius equation for the reaction rate which is proportional to exp (-(E -V ‡ )/ kT). The transmission will, therefore, depend solely on the barrier height and not on the width or on the exact shape of the transition barrier. Isotopic substitution will shift the zero point energies relative to the transition barrier and will, therefore, lead to a change in the reaction constant.Quantum mechanical tunneling is a result of the wavelike nature of particles which allows transmission through a reaction barrier. The quantum mechanical transmission probability for energies below V ‡ is governed by tunneling and reflection at the barrier. The transmission is larger than zero even well below the barrier and will depend crucially on the barrier width. In Hydrogen-Transfer Reactions. Edited by