High-resolution color doppler ultrasound examination and related risk factor analysis of lower extremity vasculopathy in type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

ABSTRACT. This study aims to investigate the value of highresolution color Doppler ultrasonography (HR-CDU) in the evaluation of lower-extremity vasculopathy (LEV) and its related risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Two hundred forty T2DM patients were selected, who underwent lower-extremity arterial HR-CDU. The patients were divided into the LEV group (V group) and the nonvasculopathy group (A group). The V group was then divided into the mild (B group), moderate (C group), and severe (D group) subgroups. The relevant clinical parameters were simultaneously recorded. The results showed that the lesion-positive detection rate of HR-CDU was significantly higher than that of clinical examination. The age, disease duration, smoking history, blood pressure, blood sugar, fibrinogen (FIB), C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid (UA), and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in the V group were higher than in the N group. In the logistic regression analysis, smoking history, age, disease duration, FIB, UA, and fasting blood glucose were independent risk factors of T2DM LEV. The incidence of LEV in T2DM patients increased significantly with increasing age, UA, FIB, CRP, UAE, disease duration, and smoking history, and the vasculopathy level became more severe. In conclusion, age, disease duration, smoking history, blood pressure, blood sugar, FIB, CRP, UA, and UAE are the related risk factors of LEV in T2DM patients.

Factors associated with lower extremity atherosclerotic disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…[33–35] In agreement, the present study also showed that the risk factors for LEAD in T2DM included age and diabetes duration. The possible reasons could be as follows: the incidence of arteriosclerosis increases with age; and prolonged disease course indicates chronic hyperglycemia, and extended chronic hyperglycemia contributes to protein glycation and yields advanced glycation end products, and also oxygen free radicals, which damage vascular endothelial cells and promote arteriosclerosis, and also plaque formation.…”

“…[34,35] The possible reasons could be that the vast majority of patients assessed here were hospitalized for severely poor glycemic control, and FPG levels at admission might differ from the values obtained in the general population.…”

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Profiling For Diabetic Retinopathy and Disease Progression

“…Additionally, uric acid has been reported to be a risk factor related to extremity vasculopathy in T2DM (24). Riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential nutrient in higher organisms and is involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in many metabolic pathways and in energy production in the respiratory chain that occurs in the mitochondria.…”

Association of serum C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 with the severity of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients

“…The examination sites were the common femoral artery, femoral artery bifurcation, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery and dorsalis pedis artery. The vascular pathology was evaluated and scored as follows: 7 (1) Artery intima thickness: normal (<1 mm), 0 point; mildly thickened (1-1.2 mm), 1 point; severely thickened (>1.2 mm), 2 points. (2) Hardening: normal, 0 point; mildly hardened (the intima was not thickened, the echo was increased, and without plaque), 1 point; moderately to severely hardened (mildly hardened, associated with plaque or stenosis), 2 points.…”