High-resolution Fourier-transform ultraviolet–visible spectrometer for the measurement of atmospheric trace species: application to OH

Cageao, R. P.; Blavier, J.‐F.; McGuire, James P.; Jiang, Yibo; Nemtchinov, V.; Mills, F. P.; Sander, Stanley P.

doi:10.1364/ao.40.002024

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It has the capability of operating in the range from 250 nm to 2.4 microns, a resolving power of over 500 000, and spectral resolution of 0.06 cm −1 . The instrument system contains three subsystems: a heliostat for tracking the Sun, a beam-defining telescope, and the interferometer (Cageao et al, 2001). For H 2 O measurements, a long-pass optical filter with a cutoff of 1 µm is placed in front of an InGaAs detector sensitive to 2.4 µm.…”

Section: Fourier-transform Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results

et al. 2011

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Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to (1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiometers, two Fourier-Transform spectrometers, and two GPS receivers (column water), (2) cover water vapor measurements from the ground to the mesopause without gaps, and (3) study upper tropospheric humidity variability at timescales varying from a few minutes to several days.Correspondence to: T. Leblanc (leblanc@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov) A total of 58 radiosondes and 20 Frost-Point hygrometer sondes were launched. Two types of radiosondes were used during the campaign. Non negligible differences in the readings between the two radiosonde types used (Vaisala RS92 and InterMet iMet-1) made a small, but measurable impact on the derivation of water vapor mixing ratio by the FrostPoint hygrometers. As observed in previous campaigns, the RS92 humidity measurements remained within 5 % of the Frost-point in the lower and mid-troposphere, but were too dry in the upper troposphere.Over 270 h of water vapor measurements from three Raman lidars (JPL and GSFC) were compared to RS92, CFH, and NOAA-FPH. The JPL lidar profiles reached 20 km when integrated all night, and 15 km when integrated for 1 h. Excellent agreement between this lidar and the frost-point hygrometers was found throughout the measurement range, Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. T. Leblanc et al.: MOHAVE-2009: overview of campaign operations and resultswith only a 3 % (0.3 ppmv) mean wet bias for the lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The other two lidars provided satisfactory results in the lower and midtroposphere (2-5 % wet bias over the range 3-10 km), but suffered from contamination by fluorescence (wet bias ranging from 5 to 50 % between 10 km and 15 km), preventing their use as an independent measurement in the UTLS.The comparison between all available stratospheric sounders allowed to identify only the largest biases, in particular a 10 % dry bias of the Water Vapor Millimeterwave Spectrometer compared to the Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder. No other large, or at least statistically significant, biases could be observed.Total Precipitable Water (TPW) measurements from six different co-located instruments were available. Several retrieval groups provided their own TPW retrievals, resulting in the comparison of 10 different datasets. Agreement within 7 % (0.7 mm) was found between all datasets. Such good agreement illustrates the maturity of these measurements and raises confidence levels for their use as an alternate or complementary source of calibration for the Raman lidars.Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and temperature measurements were also available during the campaign. The water vapor and ozone lidar measurements, together with the advected potential vorticity results from the high-resolution transport model MIMOSA, allowed the identification and study of a deep stratospheri...

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Section: Fourier-transform Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results

et al. 2011

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“…From 1998 to the present, OH column abundances have also been measured at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Facility (TMF) near Wrightwood, California, USA [24]. The latter measurements employ a Michelson interferometer, the Fourier Transform Ultraviolet Spectrometer (FTUVS), which is described in detail below.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) abundances from ground-based ultraviolet solar spectra: an improved retrieval method

Cheung

Wang

et al. 2008

Appl. Opt.

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The Fourier Transform Ultraviolet Spectrometer (FTUVS) instrument has recorded a long-term data record of the atmospheric column abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH) using the technique of high resolution solar absorption spectroscopy. We report new efforts in improving the precision of the OH measurements in order to better model the diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of odd hydrogen (HO x ) chemistry in the stratosphere, which, in turn, will improve our understanding of ozone chemistry and its long-term changes. Until the present, the retrieval method has used a single strong OH absorption line P 1 ð1Þ in the near-ultraviolet at 32; 341 cm −1 . We describe a new method that uses an average based on spectral fits to multiple lines weighted by line strength and fitting precision. We have also made a number of improvements in the ability to fit a model to the spectral feature, which substantially reduces the scatter in the measurements of OH abundances.

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“…To understand the detailed mechanism of the OH response to SC better, we use a 1D photochemical model (24,25) to study vertical and spectral distribution of OH sensitivity to SSI changes. It has the advantages of much higher computational efficiency and flexibility than the WACCM, allowing for a wide range of sensitivity studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the OH response to SC.…”

Section: Model Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only two long-term records are X OH measurements at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) (24). The FTUVS makes diurnal X OH measurements during daytime.…”

Section: Observational Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Midlatitude atmospheric OH response to the most recent 11-y solar cycle

Wang

Pongetti

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in middle atmospheric photochemistry, particularly in ozone (O 3 ) chemistry. Because it is mainly produced through photolysis and has a short chemical lifetime, OH is expected to show rapid responses to solar forcing [e.g., the 11-y solar cycle (SC)], resulting in variabilities in related middle atmospheric O 3 chemistry. Here, we present an effort to investigate such OH variability using long-term observations (from space and the surface) and model simulations. Groundbased measurements and data from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite suggest an ∼7-10% decrease in OH column abundance from solar maximum to solar minimum that is highly correlated with changes in total solar irradiance, solar Mg-II index, and Lyman-α index during SC 23. However, model simulations using a commonly accepted solar UV variability parameterization give much smaller OH variability (∼3%). Although this discrepancy could result partially from the limitations in our current understanding of middle atmospheric chemistry, recently published solar spectral irradiance data from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment suggest a solar UV variability that is much larger than previously believed. With a solar forcing derived from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment data, modeled OH variability (∼6-7%) agrees much better with observations. Model simulations reveal the detailed chemical mechanisms, suggesting that such OH variability and the corresponding catalytic chemistry may dominate the O 3 SC signal in the upper stratosphere. Continuing measurements through SC 24 are required to understand this OH variability and its impacts on O 3 further.decadal variability | odd hydrogen Q uantifying effects of the solar cycle (SC) in Earth's atmosphere helps differentiate relative contributions of natural processes and anthropogenic activities to global climate change (1). From the 11-y SC maximum (max) to minimum (min), the total solar irradiance (TSI) varies only by ∼0.1%. However, changes in solar UV fluxes can be much larger (2). Thus, detectable SC impacts on Earth's climate are more likely to be linked to changes in middle (stratosphere and mesosphere, tropopause to ∼90 km) and upper (thermosphere and above) atmospheric composition through photochemistry in the UV region.A number of observational and modeling studies have characterized SC modulations in mesospheric and stratospheric chemistry, especially in ozone (O 3 ) (3-9). Changes in UV absorption by O 3 at low latitudes over the SC can lead to changes in thermal structures in the middle atmosphere, affecting tropospheric and polar climates, and may lead to changes in global circulations (1). Accurate simulations of the O 3 response to the SC are therefore required for better understanding the sun-climate relationship (10, 11). However, the SC signal in O 3 simulated by different models shows quantitative differences, which may be due to differences in model resolutions, model...

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High-resolution Fourier-transform ultraviolet–visible spectrometer for the measurement of atmospheric trace species: application to OH

Cited by 43 publications

References 30 publications

Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results

Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments (MOHAVE)-2009: overview of campaign operations and results

Atmospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) abundances from ground-based ultraviolet solar spectra: an improved retrieval method

Midlatitude atmospheric OH response to the most recent 11-y solar cycle

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