With the rapid development of the power industry, carbon emissions from the power grid have become a hot issue of global concern. This paper is based on the voltage grading algorithm and aims to study and design an optimized management system for carbon emissions in the power grid, with the goal of achieving optimal management of carbon emissions. The paper first introduces the importance of voltage control in the power grid, including measures for voltage regulation in distribution networks and voltage control models. It then proposes an active distribution network equipment-level voltage adjustment optimization control method, which includes equipment-level first-stage active optimization and equipment-level second-stage reactive optimization. The paper provides a detailed introduction to the conventional droop curve model, the n-order adjustable droop curve model, and the first-order adjustable droop curve model. Subsequently, the principles and architectural framework of the optimized management system for carbon emissions in the power grid are designed. The system is tested, and the operation and effectiveness of the system are evaluated. Finally, the paper summarizes and discusses the main achievements of this research and their impact on the optimization management of carbon emissions in the power grid.